THE FOURTH STATE OF MATTER

Plasma state

Heat
gaseous state

Liquid state

Solid state

sublimation

deposition
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@!orld wide sales 500 billion euro

@In germany alone , 45 billion euro per year

@Plasma technology will contribute about

10% to the over all economic growth in germany
And comparable industrialised nations.
 In chemistry«
@PLASMA SYNTHESIS OF ALDEHYDES, ALCOHOLS, ORGANIC ACIDS,AND OTHER
OXYGEN-CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
1. This plasma-chemical process is promoted in strongly non-equilibrium
conditions, when the vibrational temperature of CO2 molecules significantly
exceeds their translational gas temperature ð

  


  
 
 
 of methanol production:

Step:1
CH3 + CO2         ð

 ð


!"
CH3O + CH4 ȹ CH3OH + CH3   #ð

 ð

2. Although partial oxidation of methane in thermal plasma leads mostly to

the generation of syngas (CO²H2 mixture), special quenching can also
result in a significant production of formaldehyde (CH2O):

CH4 + O2 ȹ CH2O + H2Oð

Conventional thermo-catalytic technology production is limited by
relatively low specific productivity, high metal capacity, and the large
equipment size, which becomes especially important in the case of
small- and medium-scale generation systems. The application of
plasma in the production creates an attractive alternative to
conventional thermo-catalytic technologies (Deminsky et al., 2002).
Plasma stimulation of production results in a significant
X increase of specific productivity
X reduces the capital and operational costs of the process.

@PLASMA-CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF HYDRAZINE (N2H4), AMMONIA (NH3),

NITRIDES OF PHOSPHORUS, AND SOME OTHER INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

@PLASMA-CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF NITRIDES AND CARBIDESOF INORGANIC

MATERIALS
the extremely smooth pressing tools that plasma helps to create
for the production of tablets. These contribute to reducing the
amount of spoilage during production. Furthermore, owing to the low
surface energy of the plasma-treated tools, it is no longer necessary to
employ a mould release agent, thus improving
the quality of the tablets.
 Fields of active research
@Plasma spray In plasma spraying process, the material to be deposited
(feedstock) ³ typically as a powder, sometimes as a liquid, suspension or wire ³ is
introduced into the plasma jet, emanating from a plasma torch. In the jet, where
the temperature is on the order of 10,000 K, the material is melted and propelled
towards a substrate. There, the molten droplets flatten, rapidly solidify and form a
deposit. Commonly, the deposits remain adherent to the substrate as coatings;
free-standing parts can also be produced by removing the substrate

@Dentistry (to kill embedded bacteria in teeth).

@Spectroscopy The technique of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy has

expanded and diversified in the form of a mini-revolution in the last forty years. !hat was
essentially an optical emission spectroscopic technique for trace element analysis has
expanded into a source for both atomic emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry,
capable of detecting elements at sub-ppb (ng mlî1) levels with good accuracy and
precision