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Objective
Understand different methods that used to
analyse stress and strain in solid body
Apply various principles to solve problems in
solid mechanics
Analyse forces of solid body cause by
external force
Analyse the result of solid mechanics
experiments
INTRODUCTION (Cont)
Learning Outcome
Apply the concepts of stress, strain, torsion and bending and
deflection of bar and beam in engineering field
Explain the stress, strain, torsion and bending
Calculate and determine the stress, strain and bending of solid
body that subjected to external and internal load
Use solid mechanic apparatus and analyse the experiments
result
Work in-group that relates the basic theory with application of
solid mechanics
TOPICS
Topic cover
Stress and strain
Introduction to stress and strain, stress strain diagram
Elasticity and plasticity and Hookes law
Shear Stress and Shear strain
Load and stress limit
Axial force and deflection of body
Torsion
Introduction, round bar torsion, non-uniform torsion.
Relation between Youngs Modulus E, and G
Power transmission on round bar
TOPICS (Cont)
Topic cover
Shear Force and bending moment
Introduction, types of beam and load
Shear force and bending moment
Relation between load, shear force and bending moment
Bending Stress
Introduction, Simple bending theory
Area of 2nd moment, parallel axis theorem
Deflection of composite beam
TOPICS (Cont)
Topic cover
Non Simetric Bending
Introduction, non-simetric bending
Product of 2nd moment area, determination of stress
Deflection of Beam
Introduction
Equation of elastic curve, slope equation and integral
deflection
Statically indeterminate Beams and shaft
REFERENCES
Strain
x The
symbol
called EPSILON
L
The stiffness is different for the different material and different sizes of the
material. We may eliminate the size by using stress and strain instead of
force and deformation:
E FL
Ax
Elastic behaviour
The curve is straight line trough out most of the region
Stress is proportional with strain
Material to be linearly elastic
Proportional limit
The upper limit to linear line
The material still respond elastically
The curve tend to bend and flatten out
Elastic limit
Upon reaching this point, if load is remove, the
specimen still return to original shape
STRESS STRAIN DIAGRAM
Yielding
A Slight increase in stress above the elastic limit will
result in breakdown of the material and cause it to
deform permanently.
This behaviour is called yielding
The stress that cause = YIELD STRESS@YIELD
POINT
Plastic deformation
Once yield point is reached, the specimen will
elongate (Strain) without any increase in load
Material in this state = perfectly plastic
STRESS STRAIN DIAGRAM
STRAIN HARDENING
When yielding has ended, further load applied, resulting in a curve
that rises continuously
Become flat when reached ULTIMATE STRESS
The rise in the curve = STRAIN HARDENING
While specimen is elongating, its cross sectional will decrease
The decrease is fairly uniform
NECKING
At the ultimate stress, the cross sectional area begins its localised
region of specimen
it is caused by slip planes formed within material
Actual strain produced by shear strain
As a result, neck tend to form
Smaller area can only carry lesser load, hence curve donward
Specimen break at FRACTURE STRESS
SHEAR STRESS
Shear force is a force applied sideways on the material (transversely
loaded).
x
L
.
Since this is a very small angle , we can say that :
Shear strain
x
L
( symbol called
Gamma)
MODULUS OF RIGIDITY (G)
F
The gradient of the graph is constant so cons tan t
x
This constant will have a special value for each elastic material
and is called the Modulus of Rigidity (G).
G
ULTIMATE SHEAR STRESS
If the material stressed to the limit so that it parts into two, the
ultimate limit has been reached.
DESIGN CONSIDERATION
Will help engineers with their important task in Designing
structural/machine that is SAFE and ECONOMICALLY perform for
a specified function
0.6 m
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
SELF ASSESSMENT NO. 5
AXIAL FORCE & DEFLECTION OF BODY
0.4 m
WORKED EXAMPLE 9
WORKED EXAMPLE 9
SELF ASSESSMENT NO. 6