LOAD SHEDDING CONTROL USING GSM TECHNOLOGY

DONE BY
 MAIN APPLICATION OF PROJECT

In this project, we monitor the distribution points from

one central location and control the substation load
shedding and sharing using a GSM modem. In
substation the tasks like certain loads needs to be
switched on/off are of prime importance.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
 We designed this project to control all the equipments and distribution points and
transformers from one central location. By using this, we can also control the faults
which occurs on the substation.
It is not possible to check the faults manually for 24 hours. So we can control it

automatically by using GSM/gprs modem.

GSM/GPRS modem is connected end to end. One end is connected to the

distribution side and another end is connected to the embedded device.

Embedded device makes the control of equipments of the substation.
When a fault occurs in a particular area, the complete power to that area is cut off.

The basic utilities in that particular area also do not have power. It includes
hospitals, street lights, fire bridged, police station etc. In this project, the power
which is cut off by the particular area is provided to the another area where load
shedding occurs and where basic utilities are present. Therefore energy conservation
is achieved and wastage of power is also reduced.
We can also control the on/off switching operations from one central location
manually or automatically by using GSMGPRS modem over internet.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

CVAVR cross compiler: CodeVisionAVR is a C

cross-compiler, Integrated Development Environment
and Automatic Program Generator designed for the
Atmel AVR family of microcontrollers.

AVR studio programmer: AVR Studio is an

Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for writing
and debugging AVR applications in Windows
9x/ME/NT/2000/XP/VISTA environments.

Embedded C: Embedded C is extensive and

contains many advanced concepts. The range of
modules covers a full introduction to C, real-time and
embedded systems concepts through to the design and
implementation of real time embedded.
HARDWARE COMPONENTS REQUIRED

ATMEGA48 MICROCONTROLLER
LM 7805
RELAYS
GPRS MODEM SIM800
MAX232
CURRENT SENSOR
LCD16X2
 PLC

Our plc kit consists of digital ic with inbuilt adc, comparator etc
Which will be capable controlling all operation
 LM 7805(VOLTAGE REGULATOR)

A voltage regulator based on an active

device (such as a bipolar junction transistor,
field effect transistor or vacuum tube) operating
in its "linear region" and passive devices like
zener diodes operated in their breakdown
region.
MAX232 and DB9 connector(Level Converter)

We need a line driver to convert the RS232s

signals to TTL voltage levels that will be
acceptable to the microcontrollers TxD and
RxD pins.
One example of such a converter is MAX232
from Maxim Corp. The MAX232 converts the
RS232 voltage levels to TTL voltage levels, and
vice versa.
Modem stands for Modulation and
demodulation. For long distance data
transfers using communication lines
such as a telephone, serial data
communication requires a modem to
modulate (convert 0s and 1s to signals
like audio tones) and demodulate
(convert from audio tones to 0s and 1s).
GSM modem is used for wireless data
transfer. The AT command set is the
industry standard set of commands
used for setting up and communicating
with a modem. The AT commands set of
the most GSM mobile phones are same.
The GSM Terminal is ideal for
embedded applications. Modem can
communicate serially by RS232.
 LCD16X2

Used to display characters.

It can display 32 characters in two lines.
Hall Effect Base Linear Current Sensor

The Winson WCS1702 provides economical and precise

solution for both DC and AC current sensing in industrial,
commercial and Communications systems. The unique
package allows for easy implementation by the customer.
Typical applications include Motor Control load detection
and management, over-current fault detection and any
intelligent Power Management system etc The
WCS1702 consists of a precise, low-temperature drift
linear hall Sensor IC with temperature compensation
circuit and a current transformer with 0.24 ? typical
internal conductor resistance. This extremely low
resistance CAN effectively reduce power loss, operating
temperature and increase the reliability greatly. Applied
current flowing through this conduction path generates a
magnetic field which is sensed by the integrated Hall IC
and converted into a proportional voltage. By Winson
Semiconductor Corp.
ADVANTAGES

Much easier to monitor.

Both risk and liability is reduced.

It is flexible enough to be used from any

location.24 hrs/Day and 7 days a week.
Can be easily used by physically challenged
APPLICATIONS

Residential Areas.
Commercial Areas.
Factories operating
Hospitals/Banks.
Institutions.
 As the saying goes Necessity is the mother of all inventions, a need for
software which would control process and devices was recognized. The
design approach used here has given satisfactory results and the
microcontroller is sufficient for measuring the required parameters. The
power consumption has been kept as low as possible and the
measurements made by the device are quite reliable.