HV SYSTEM

The power station CONTROL ROOM

STEP UP
TRANSFORMER LV SWITCHGEAR

AC & DC
HV- BREAKER AUXILIARY
SYSTEMS CONTROL
SYSTEMS

2 1
AUX. PROTECTION
TRANSF.
GOVERNOR
GENERATOR
1 BREAKER 2
STATIC
STARTER

PTs
&
CTs
SYNCHRONIZING

SYNCHRONOUS EXCITATION
TURBINE GENERATOR SYSTEM

STAR
POINT EXCITATION
CUBICLE TRANSFORMER
 Overview of Electrical Systems

Generators EHV protections

Excitation System Black Start DG set
Transformers DC Systems
MV Switchgear 415 V Systems
EHV Switchgear Fire protection systems
Generator protections Switchyard Equipments
 General Classification

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

AC 50 Hz SUPPLY SYSTEM D/C SYSTEM

220 KV 3 PHASE FOR BULK 220 V FOR UPS &

POWER TRANSMISSION EMERGENCY SYSTEMS
10.5 KV,15.75 KV 3 PHASE
GENERATOR OUTPUT 24 V FOR SOLENOIDS,
VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS
6.6 KV 3 PHASE FOR STATION
AUXILLIARIES 48 V DC IN SWITCHYARD

415 V 3 PHASE FOR LOW VOLTAGE

AUXILLIARIES

240 V SINGLE PHASE SUPPLY

GENERAL SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
 Turbo generator
Excitation system
Providing variable DC current with
short time overload capability
Controlling terminal voltage,MVAR
and PF with suitable accuracy
Ensure stable operation with
network and / or other machines
Keep machine within permissible
operating range
Contribution to transient stability
subsequent to a fault.
Communicate with the power plant
control system
Generator details
GAS TURBINE GENERATOR :
170.12 MVA,10.5kV,field voltage
410 V,stator current-9354 A- 2 No
STEAM TURBINE
GENERATOR : 188.23 MVA,
15.75kV,field voltage 432 V,stator
current-6900 A- 1 No
Air cooled, 3000 RPM, 2 pole,
double star.
Four coolers in the generator for
cooling the air.
 GT Generator

Apparent power 170.12MVA

Active Power 144.6MW
Current 9354A
Voltage 10.5KV+/-5%
Speed 3000rpm
Frequency 50Hz
Power Factor 0.85
Stator Winding YY
Rated Field current 833A
Rated Field Voltage 410V
 STG Generator

Apparent power 188.23MVA

Active Power 160MW
Current 6900A
Voltage 15.75KV+/-5%
Speed 3000rpm
Frequency 50Hz
Power Factor
0.85
Stator Winding
YY
Rated Field current
798A
Rated Field Voltage
432V
Steam Turbine Generator
 If Synchronous Ug
Machine Grid

Excitation
System

Controller

The automatic voltage control system

 High voltage line Characteristic of Static Excitation System:
+ direct measuring of field -current, -voltage
Unit step up transformer + superior dynamic performance
(fast response)
+ field voltage reversing feature
Excitation transformer
+ very effective field discharge
+ Ceiling factor not limited
AVR
Sensing PT
+ field ground dedection availabel
+ superior MTBF, MTTR
SM - Sliprings

Thyristor Converter

Synchronous machine

Static Excitation System

Brush less excitation system

Just positive ceiling voltage

capability

Exciter response limited by the

exciter machine time constant
(>200ms)

Field discharge with natural time

constant

Supply from PMG possible

providing supporting of short
circuit currents

Relative large size of exciter

machine for low speed generators

No sliprings (less maintenance

and dust)
 Neutral terminal

Grounding transformer
used to reduce fault
currents.
The 100% stator earth
fault detection is also done
through this transformer
 Starting system

SFC manufacturer-AEG Germany

Rating-2.9 MW
Modes of operation:washing at 600 rpm
Boiler purging at 900 rpm
Unit black start at link circuit current 2.7 MW 1360 RPM
Power operation at max dragging 2.9 Mw 2100 RPM
 Transformers

Generator transformer
Unit auxiliary transformer
Excitation Transformer
MV/LV Transformers
Lighting Transformers
 Generator transformer UAT
Three Phase, 153.5 MVA, Rating 25 MVA 10.5/6.9
BHEL make. kV
Delta Star, neutral solidly Cooling: ONAN/ONAF
grounded.
Quantity of oil-13095
10.5/230 kV.
liters
Cooling-
ONAN/ONAF/OFAF On load tap changer at 12
Off circuit Tap changer at positions
five positions
Oil quantity:-39715 liters
 Busduct and UAT

Gen. Transformer
 System

There are two Unit Transformers connected thru

GT, 10.5 KV Bus.
These two Transformer make 2no. 6.6KV bus ( 11
&12 BBE) which in turn make another 2 bus thru
Ties.(OCA- A&B)
A total 4no 6.6KV bus exists which are
interconnected thru Ties and Bus coupler.
DG is also connected to OCA (A&B) bus thru
6.6KV Breakers.
6.6KV BUS SYSTEM
 Changeover Schemes

Changeover Schemes are divided in Two Group:

A. With Paralleling
B. Without Paralleling
Here there are Four Types of Schemes under these
Categories:
MANUAL Changeover
FAST Changeover
SLOW Changeover
BLACKOUT Condition
 Manual Changeover Scheme

Features:

It is a planned changeover.
Thru Operator Intervention.
No Interruption in Voltages.
Thru Synchronizing Relay
 Manual Changeover Scheme
Scope:

1. Bus coupler at OCA

2. UAT Incomer ( BBE01&2)
3. DG Breaker 1&2
4.Tie Breaker at OCA( Tie1 &2)
 Manual Changeover Scheme

Example :

U1-B/C-U2 Changeover:
--Proven scheme
--Either of Breaker can be closed thru ECB.
--Choice of Breaker tripping is done thru Trip
selection switch.
 Fast Changeover Scheme

Feature:
This is only for OCA Bus coupler.
This changeover occurs when Voltage sink is
likely to occur.
OCA Bus coupler will close in Auto without any
time delay. No manual Intervention possible.
This changeover will take place in less than
200millisecond, hence chances of supply
interruption is very less.
 Slow Changeover Scheme

Features:
This is a backup of Fast changeover.
Bus coupler will close in auto after certain
Time delay and fulfillment of certain
condition
Chances of unit survival depends on
situation
 Black Out Condition

Normally blackout condition means:

1. All GCB and HVCB open.
2. Both Unit Incomer Breakers Open
3. No Auxiliary Power at station.
At this moment our attempt to restore the
Auxiliary power as soon as possible.
 Black Out Condition

Under this Condition:

DG set will take start in Auto
All Aux. Feeders at OCA Bus will Trip
Both DG Breakers will closed in Auto.
Priority Transformer feeders will close in Auto,
also their LT Incomers(except PCC)
Tie feeders at OCA and PCC will not Trip
This all will be done thru Logics As:
 Black Out Condition Contd.

If due to any reason DG fail to start or DG Breaker

does not close in Auto :
Start DG Manually
Close the DG Breakers one by one
Close the Priority feeders one by one.
 Black Out Condition --Normalisation

2. Thru GT1 and GT2 Transformer :

Back charge the transformer and close the U1 and
U2 breaker thru manual Changeover. D1 and D2
will trip respectively in auto.
3. Thru Unit Start Up.
Start Gas Turbine1/2 in Black Start mode. U1/U2
Breaker will close and D1/D2 will Trip in Auto.
 Black Out Condition
Others:
During D1/D2 close condition
Only Priority feeders can be closed- i.e ODA A
&B Breaker( Only emergency section, ODC I/c-
A&B, and Common transformer breaker.)
Other than Priority 6.6 KV fdr , no 6.6 KV fdr can
be closed
415V,ODA-B/C D&E , CW &Chlorination fdr.,
OSF MCC, Nox and Misc MCC can not be closed.
 Supply to Switchyard

Switchyard
 EHV Control and Switchgear
Circuit Breaker
Isolator
Current Transformer
Capacitive Voltage Transformer
Lightning Arrestor
PLCC equipment
Bus Switching Schemes
Disturbance recorder
Event logger
Remote telemetering units
Line diagram
 Bus Switching Schemes
Double main and Transfer bus scheme
Main Bus-2
Main Bus-1

Bus Coupler
Transfer
Bay

Transfer Bus

3 Generators 4 Transmission
lines
 PLCC System
Substation A Substation B
Wave trap

CVT
Tx Tx
Rx Rx
 Electrical Protections
Generator and transformer protections
6.6 kV Protections
Station transformer protections
Motor protections
Transformer protections
220 kV Protections
Line protections
Bus bar protection
Breaker failure protection
VT Panel Protection Panel Terminal Box
Protection
Panel
Numerical Relays
Backside of relays
 Tripping Matrix

Tripping Relay
 Generator Protection:
Protection Functions (1)

27 81O
59 81U

87G
87G Generator differential
50/51 Over current protection
50 51V 51V/21 Voltage dependent backup
51 21 50/51N Stator earth fault
67N 50N 59N Neutral displacement
51N
67N Sensitive directional E/F
59N 27T 27TN 100% Stator E/F
N 27 & 59 Under & over voltage
81U/O Under & over frequency
 Generator Protection:
Protection Functions (2)

24 32R Reverse power

32L Low forward power
32O Overload power
RTD
40 Field failure
46 Negative phase seq.
40 46 24 Overfluxing
27/50 Dead Machine (GUESS)
32R 38/26 RTD Thermal protection
32L
Interconnection
320
df/dt rate of change of frequency
dV Voltage vector shift

MiCOM-P340-42
 Settings

Reverse Power Frequency -3.3 %

Under frequency
47.5 & 47.0 Hz
Overfrequency
51.5 & 52 Hz
Rotor earth fault 5Kohm and 40 Kohm
Stator earth fault 14ohm
Over Voltage 127V/ 143V
Under Voltage 70V
Over Current 125%
Under Excitation 5.04V
1.1-1.4
Overflux
25%
Generator Differential 33%
Overall Differential 33%
REF 5V
Stator earth fault(95%) 51% , 1.5Sec
Unbalanced Load
STG GRP
 6.6 kV Protections
Station transformer protections
Three phase Over current protection.
Earth fault protection.
Restricted earth fault protection.
Motor protection
IDMT over current protection
Earth fault protection
Transformer protection
IDMT over current protection
Earth fault protection
 EHV Protections
Line protections
Transformer protections
Generator Protections
Bus bar protection
Breaker failure protection
 Line protections
Main I Distance protection (21-1)
Main II Distance protection (21-2)
Breaker failure relay.
Trip circuit supervision relay
Trip coil supervision relay.
Fault locator
Disturbance recorder
Distance Protection
Zone 3: 200%,1000mS
Zone 2: 120%,300mS
Zone 1: 80%, 0mS

A B
 220 kV Transformer protections
Transformer Differential protection.(87)
Three phase over current protection. (51)
Earth fault relay (Phase current balance)
Breaker failure relay.
Bucholz relay
Winding temperature relay
Oil temperature relay
Pressure relief device
DC SYSTEM
 DC Systems
220 Volts DC Gas Turbine batteries
220 and 24 Volts Station batteries
432 Volts UPS batteries
220 Volts Emergency Lighting batteries
48 V Switchyard Battery systems
 415 Volts System
GT MCCs
All the LT auxiliaries of Gas turbine including:
Auxiliary lube oil pump
Generator cooling water pump motors
GT cooling water pump motors
Ventilation fans
Battery chargers
Jacking oil pump motor