ChemCatalyst

1. How many protons,

electrons, and
neutrons does
Helium (He) have?
2. Is Helium (He) a
neutral atom, why
or why not?
 2

VALENCE ELECTRONS
AND
IONS
Chemistry Ms. Lizette Gutierrez
Valence Electrons
Valence electrons are electrons found on the
outer energy shell of an atom
Electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared
in the formation of chemical compounds.
Found in the highest energy level.

Valence electrons

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Valence Electrons
Elements in the same group (family) have the
same number of valence electrons

4
Neutral Atoms
A neutral atom has an overall electrical charge of
Zero, because it contains the same number of
protons (+) and electrons (-).

Carbon Atom
6 protons (+) = +6
+
6 electrons (-) = -6
6 neutrons (0) = 0
____________________
0 (neutral)
 Ion
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An atom (or group of atoms) that has a

positive or negative electrical charge
because it has lost or gained electrons.

Loses e-

(+3) + (-3) = 0
(neutral) Li+1
 Metals are Givers
Metals lose/give their electron(s) when they form
ions
Metals ions have a positive(+) electrical charge.
 Nonmetals are Takers
Nonmetals gain/take electron(s) when they form
ions
Nonmetals ions have a negative (-) electrical charge.
 Metals (Cations) / Nonmetal (Anions)
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Metals are going to be Nonmetals are going to

giving electrons be taking electrons
making them making them
positively charged negatively charged
ion ion
Cation: a positively Anion: a negatively
charged atom charged atom
Cation ANgryion
= =
Positive Negative
(+) (-)
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 Only electrons are gained or lost
11

When electrons are removed from

or added to an atom, the rest of the
atom stays the same. The number of
protons in the nucleus is not
changed, so the
removal or addition of electrons results in a
charge on the atom, making it an ion,
but does not change the identity of the
element.
 Everyone Wants to be Like
The Noble Gases
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Atoms tend to lose or

gain electrons to
attain the electron
arrangement of a
noble gas.
An Atom will take the
path of least
resistance to achieve
this goal.
1+ Gains 0
Loses Electrons Electrons
Gains/
2+ Loses
4+/-
3- 2- 1-
3+

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 Group Trends
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Group 1 will (lose 1e-): +1

Group 2 will (lose 2e-): +2
Group 13 will (lose 3e-): +3
Group 14 will (loss/gain 4e-): +4/-4
Group 15 will (gain 3e-): -3
Group 16 will (gain 2e-): -2
Group 17 will (gain 1e-): -1
Group 18 will (not gain/lose): 0
 Representing Ions
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These are named

by using the root
of the atom name
followed by the
suffix ide
F 1-
Fluoride Ion
The ion shown on
this slide is
called the
Fluoride Ion