Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Business Research
Process (Steps 4-5)
References:
BusinessResearch Book of VU
Research Methods For Business (Uma Sekaran)
Observation Theoretical
Framework Generation of
Problem
1 Preliminary Data Hypothesis 5
Broad definition
Gathering 4 Variables
problem area 2 Identification and
3
labelling
Scientific
6
Researc
h
Design
Data
Collection,
analysis &
NO
interpretation
Ex. No. 2:
A manager believes that good supervision and
training would increase the production level of the
workers.
Moderating Variable
The moderating variable is one that has strong
contingent effect on the independent variable -
dependent variables relationship
The presence of a third variable (the moderating
variable) modifies the originally expected
relationship between the independent and the
dependent variables.
1. Strong relationship between the library facility
(X) and performance of students (Y). Depends on
the interest and inclination of students (MV).
Modifies the original relationship.
Availability of
reference manuals # of rejects
(dependent variable)
(independent variable)
Managerial
expertise
Examples
Output of the organization increase or
decrease due to employee attitude
So the output dependent variable and
employee attitude independent variable
The knowledge of child can be increase
due to book readings
The child knowledge is dependent, book
reading independent, we can say the
parents literacy is moderating, and
informal education program from
Government is intervening variable to both
child & parents
The effective reward system can control
the turnover rate of employees.
Here the reward system can be called
independent, turnover rate dependent,
Training program intervening and manager
expertise are moderating.
List and label the variables in following
Situation.
The manager of P&G observes that the morale
of employees in her company is low. She thinks
that if their working conditions are improved,
pay scale raised and vocation benefits made
attractive. The morale will be boasted But she
doubts thats pay increase would not effect
morale of those employees who have
supplemental income.
Relationship between theoretical
framework and Preliminary Data
Gathering
Literature survey identifies the variables
that might be important, as determined by
previous research findings.
Where as theoretical framework
elaborates the relationships among the
variables, explains the theory underlying
these relations, and describes the nature
and direction of relationships.
HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT
If-Then Statement
To test differences between two or more groups
Must check:
http://www.lmpc.edu.au/Resources/Science/St5-
ResearchProject/student_research/1_plan/plan_08.htm
Directional and Non-directional Hypotheses
Directional
Direction of relationship between variables (+tive
/-tive ) is indicated or the nature of differences
between two groups on a variable (more than/
less than) is indicated
Nondirectional
Do indicate a relationship or difference but no
indication of the direction
The alternate for the preceding example would statistically be set as follows.
HA: M < M
HA: M > M