Shopping Mall

Literature study

Submitted by :
Neha Bhardwaj
Madiha Khanam
Razia Akhtar
Ashraf Aftab
HISTORY
 Greek Agora...
The word Agora is Greek for 'open place of assembly and, early
in the history of Greece, designated the area in the city where
free-born
citizens could gather to hear civic announcements, muster for
military campaigns or discuss politics. Later the Agora defined
the open-air, often tented, marketplace of a city (as it still does
in Greek) where merchants had their shops and where
craftsmen made and sold their wares. The original Agora of
Athens was located below the Acropolis near the building.

The Agora was a central spot in ancient Greek city-

states. The Agora was an open place of assembly
in ancient Greek city-states. Mumford (1961) states
that the most important function of the agora was
place for daily communications and formal and
informal assembly.
 Forum (Roman)...

The Roman Forum is a small open rectangle

surrounded by the ruins of ancient
government buildings at the center of the
city of Rome. Citizens of the ancient city
referred to this marketplace as the Forum, a
marketplace, along with the buildings used
for shops and the stoas used for open stalls.

A stoa is a public space protected from

the sun and rain, it was an ideal place for
social life of Mediterranean cities;
sometimes also meet business functions,
staying trading posts.
19th century shops...

For wealthy women shopping was a

popular pastime in the 19th century.
In the late 19th century shopping
arcades were built in many British towns.
Also in the late 19th century department
stores became common.
In the early 20th century chain stores
also became common although many
shops were still family owned.
Modern time shops...

A shopping mall is a term, in which one or more buildings form a complex of shops
representing merchandisers with interconnecting walkways that enable customers to
walk from unit to unit
 SHOPPING MALL
A shopping mall can be said to be a privately owned
public space. It is designed and constructed to profit
financially the investors concerned while at the same time
it serves as a recreational and shopping destination for the
public. As such, the design principles applied should
enhance its success.
Success of a shopping mall can be described in two main
aspects:-
i) Business success - This is the success of the tenants
occupying the investors asset thus assuring the investor in
profit making, and,
ii) Architectural success - This is the public acceptance of
the space that has been created once constructed.
Combining the two words, a shopping mall can therefore
be defined as a building or set of buildings that provide
walkways for the public to walk from one unit to another
within the same building/set of buildings as they go about
their business of exchanging goods and services for
money.
STANDARDS
PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT
Pedestrian movement needs to be studied and a hierarchy of entry points or doorways
established to provide defined ease of access plus an identifiable character for the
centre. Attention should be given to logical and well laid out integration and connection
with the adjacent spaces and a continuous path of travel. For safety reasons avoid
hidden doorways or alley type access points to collect people from the surrounding car
parks.
PAVEMENTS
Pavement may be used to direct people along pathways, to define or highlight areas, to
unify spaces and to provide interest and amenity. Artwork may be incorporated into the
paving. It is desirable to provide pavement materials and facilities that are easy to clean
and maintain, designed to resist vandalism and that resist damage from skateboarding.
Selection of the paving material should consider the porosity of the surface. Porous
surfaces are difficult to clean if dirt such as spilt drinks and chewing gum imbeds in the
surface.
SIGNAGE
The aim of signage design for shopping centres and other public urban spaces is to
improve name recognition and direction. It is necessary to provide materials that are
easy to clean and maintain and resist vandalism. Tactile signs are preferred for people
who have disabilities.
 CONCLUSION
Provide amenity through provision of:
1. Quality facilities, materials and design
excellence
2. Vitality, colour and interest
3. Personable spaces, scale and comfort
4. Comfortable street furniture and other
facilities
5. Landscape that relates well to the built
environment and is accessible
6. Legibility and ease for people to find their
way around
7. Easily identifiable facilities
8. Design that facilitates effective
maintenance of spaces and facilities
9. Safe spaces and facilities
10. Artwork providing vitality, colour and interest and
providing cultural enhancement
11. Valued heritage including natural, social and
built heritage
12. A landscape design that is flexible to cater for
changes in commercial and community uses.
13. Ensure good access by provision of:
14. Effective transport facilities, (particularly at town
centres) safe, functional and attractive bus
15. Interchanges, taxi rank areas and set down and
drop off areas.
16. Improved pedestrian links with easy access from
road and cycle networks and bus stops.
17. Access to and throughout the centre(s) without
barriers, for all people regardless of their
18. Disabilities (see disability discrimination act 1992).