Metal materials can be classified as ferrous and nonferrous. Ferrous materials include steel and cast iron, while nonferrous materials include aluminum, magnesium, and titanium alloys. Each material is further classified according to standards that specify alloy composition and processing. Steel classification considers composition, strength level, product shape, finishing process, and quality descriptors. Material selection depends on factors like load requirements, manufacturing considerations, electrical/thermal properties, corrosion resistance, and economic feasibility.
Original Description:
Classification of Engineering Materials, Design and Selection of Materials
Metal materials can be classified as ferrous and nonferrous. Ferrous materials include steel and cast iron, while nonferrous materials include aluminum, magnesium, and titanium alloys. Each material is further classified according to standards that specify alloy composition and processing. Steel classification considers composition, strength level, product shape, finishing process, and quality descriptors. Material selection depends on factors like load requirements, manufacturing considerations, electrical/thermal properties, corrosion resistance, and economic feasibility.
Metal materials can be classified as ferrous and nonferrous. Ferrous materials include steel and cast iron, while nonferrous materials include aluminum, magnesium, and titanium alloys. Each material is further classified according to standards that specify alloy composition and processing. Steel classification considers composition, strength level, product shape, finishing process, and quality descriptors. Material selection depends on factors like load requirements, manufacturing considerations, electrical/thermal properties, corrosion resistance, and economic feasibility.
Generally classified as ferrous and nonferrous Ferrous materials consist of steel and cast iron Eg. Carbon steel, high alloy steel, stainless steel Nonferrous materials consist of the rest of the metals and alloys Eg. Aluminum, magnesium, titanium & their alloys Materials from each group are further classified and given certain designation according to the ASTM standard Engineering materials Each has their own unique number/code that represent main alloying elements, cast or wrought and in case of plain carbon amount of Carbon. Steel can be classified or grouped according to some common characteristic. The most common classification is by their i. Composition Example : 10xx, 15xx ii. Strength Most common material used in construction of structure such as bridge, building and ships Engineering materials Low yield strength, less < 40 ksi Eg : A36 Carbon steel plates, bars and shapes High strength, between 40 ksi and 120 ksi Eg. A440- Carbon steel plates, bars and shapes of high tensile strength Ultra-high strength > 200 ksi iii. Product shape, finish processing and quality descriptors Typical product classification of flat hot- rolled carbon & low alloy steel According to the thickness and width Engineering materials
For shape product forms
eg. I beam and special shapes ( designed for specific application ), bar ( also included round, squares, hexagon in cross section ) Finishing process The last processing that the steel undergone. The mot common are hot-rolled, coldrolled or cold finished, annealed, normalized, quenched and tempered, coating process. Engineering materials Design and selection for metals One of the major issues for structural components is deflection under service load. A function of the applied forces and geometry, and also stiffness of material. So suitable material and design are needed. Load carrying capacity of component can be related to the yield strength, fatigue strength or creep strength depending on loading & service condition. All are structure sensitive. Changed, chemical composition of the alloy, method and condition of manufacturing, as well as heat treatment Engineering materials Electrical & thermal conductivities Thermal conductivity, K Is measure of the rate at which heat is transferred through a material Q T k A x Manufacture of component where electrical conductivity is primary requirement Al & Co Corrosion resistance & specific gravity limits the materials. Engineering materials Manufacturing consideration Wrought material /structure usually stronger and more ductile than cast. Precision / size tolerances, surface finish, heat treatment stress relief etc., other secondary treatment & finishing. Weldability a function of material composition. So structure involve welding of the components need to consider. Also for other joining means. Machinability improvement by heat treatment or alloying elements. Economic aspects - perform function at lowest cost.
Oxy-Acetylene Welding and Cutting: Electric, Forge and Thermit Welding together with related methods and materials used in metal working and the oxygen process for removal of carbon