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Besides the bulb pressure, there are two other pressures under the
diaphragm to move the valve toward an open or closed position: the
spring pressure ps acts on the pin and the evaporator pressure pe acts on
the bottom of the diaphragm to close the valve.
When the opening and closing pressures balance each other, the valve pin
is in a stable fixed position.
When the bulb pressure is greater than the sum
of the spring pressure and the evaporator
pressure, the valve will move to a position more
open than it was and so allow more refrigerant
to flow in the evaporator.
On the other hand, the valve will move toward
a less open position if the closing pressures are
greater than the opening pressure.
II. Externally thermostatic expansion
valves
When there is significant pressure drop between
the valve outlet and the evaporator exit, the
thermostatic expansion valve with an internal
equalizer construction will not function properly.
That is because the saturation temperature of the
refrigerant is always lower at the evaporator outlet
than at the evaporator inlet because of friction as it
flows through the evaporator.
Then it necessitates a higher degree of suction
superheat in order to bring the valve into
equilibrium.
4.Automatic Expansion Valves -
Evaporator pressure Control
Fig.4 is a schematic diagram of
an automatic expansion valve
showing the principal part of
the valve, which includes a
needle and seat, a pressure
bellows or diaphragm and a
spring, the tension of which is
variable by means of an
adjusting screw.
As in the case of the
thermostatic expansion valve
and all other refrigerant
controls, a screen or strainer
is usually installed at the
liquid inlet of the valve in
order to prevent the entrance
of foreign materials which
may cause stoppage of the
valve.
5. Low-Pressure Float Control
The low pressure float control (low side float) acts to maintain a
constant level of liquid in the evaporator by regulating the flow
of liquid refrigerant into that unit in accordance with the rate at
which the supply of liquid is being depleted by vaporization . It is
responsive only to the level of liquid in the evaporator and will
maintain the evaporator filled with liquid refrigerant to the
desired level under all conditions of loading without regard for
the evaporator temperature and pressure. The low pressure float
may be installed in the evaporator in which it is controlling the
liquid level or it may be installed external to these units in a
separate float chamber.
6. High-Pressure Float Control
The high pressure float valve is a liquid level
actuated refrigerant flow control that regulates the
flow of liquid to the evaporator in accordance with
the rate at which the liquid is being vaporized.
These device is located on the high pressure side of
the system and controls the amount of liquid in the
evaporator indirectly by maintaining a constant
liquid level in the high side pressure float control