PERIOD OF

COLONIZATION &
CHRISTIANIZATION
A. SEARCHING FOR NEW LANDS
B. MAGELLAN’S VOYAGE
C. AGE OF EXPLORATION
D. CONQUEST AND HISPANIZATION OF THE
NATIVES
E. SPAIN’S INFLUENCE IN THE PHILIPPINES
 Psychological barriers
• 1. the world is flat
• 2. the presence of sea
monsters
• 3. presence of boiling
waters.
During the 1400s and 1500s
-European explorers were inspired
by greed, curiosity, and the desire
for glory, and aided by new
technologies—sailed to many
previously unknown lands.
 Marco Polo (1254-1324)
• Marco Polo was an Italian merchant,
trader and explorer.
• At a young age, Marco accompanied his
father on his voyages. They traveled far
and wide and even reached as Far East as
China, meeting Kublai Khan.
• After 24 years and travelling over 15,000
miles,Marco returned home and write his
book “The Travels of Marco Polo”
 New Maritime Technologies
a. Improvements in Shipbuilding
• Europeans learned to build ships that were faster,
more maneuverable, and rode lower in the water.
Ex: Caravel
b.Mapmaking
• By 1500, cartography–the art and science of
mapmaking–had developed to where Europeans had
fairly accurate maps ofwhere they wanted to explore.
Ptolemy- his maps showed that the world was round
c.Improvement on navigational instrument
• The compass showed the ship’s direction, and the
astrolabe used to calculate latitude, information
needed for such long voyages
Hartman Astrolabe
(1532) Mariner’s Compass
Better Maps
[Cartography] Sextant
 The Caravel
This type of ship made long distance sea voyages
possible. It could sail with and against the wind, had
a deeper draft to take on large ocean waves and was
more maneuverable than ships in the past.
Trade Discovery Colonization
• Europeans sent • Explorers found • Europe
explorers to new lands. established
find trade colonies in new
routes to the lands.
East
 Colonization
• comes from Latin word colere. It is the act of
colonizing; the establishment of colonies .

• is the extension of political and economic

control over an area by a state, whose nationals
have occupied the area and usually possesses
organizational or technological superiority over
the native population.
• Exploration: people leaving home to see
new places and returning to tell their home
countries
• Colonization: people leaving home to start a
new community and life by taking over
another part of the world
• Imperialism: a country gets many colonies
and builds an empire where they completely
control other parts of the world.
 GREAT COLONIZERS
• Colonization has occurred through
out the history in Europe. Portugal,
Spain,Great Britain, France,
Netherlands became some of the
most influential colonizers.
Treaty of Tordesillas
(1494)
• Line of Demarcation: imaginary
North/South line that gave lands on
the east to Portugal and the lands on
the west to Spain
Treaty of Zaragoza (1529)
 Biggest colonization in history:

• Colonization of Asia (India)

• Colonization of Africa
• Colonization of America
 MOTIVES OF COLONIZATION:
• Historians generally recognize three motives for European
exploration and colonization in the New World
• 3 BASIC MOTIVES (3 G’S):
1. God – spread of Christianity
Europeans wanted to spread Christianity to the new places they
explored.
2. Gold – to trade and become wealthy (gold and spices)
-Gold would bring wealth and power to whatever country found
it.
-finding new routes for trade
3. Glory – to give honor to their mother country.
explorers were seen as heroes if they discovered new lands
 REASONS or
REASONS or FACTORS
FACTORS
Industrialization Increase in production
A) ECONOMICAL and and in productivity
Mechanization
Overproduction Crisis

Companies needed
new markets

- Where to sell their products

- and where to find raw
Materials for the factories
X 10
For this
reason

They “encouraged” states and governments

to conquer new colonies
to impose a commercial monopoly
 OTHER FACTORS OF EXPLORATION,
COLONIALISM, & IMPERIALISM
1. The Crusades (1096-1273)
2. The Travels of Marco Polo
3. The Renaissance Period (1350)
4. The Fall of Constantinople (1453)
5. Mercantilism
6. Nationalism
7. Industrial revolution
8. White Man’s Burden
 A Time of Exploration and Discovery

 The 1400s were a time

of discovery and
exploration for Europe.

 Main countries
involved in
exploration:
 Portugal
 Spain
 England
 France
 PORTUGAL
 1st Europeans to explore the
unknown New World
 1st to sail around the tip of Africa
to Asia
 Mainly explored what is now Brazil
in the New World--this is why
Brazilian culture today is heavily
influenced by Portugal
People to know 1 - Prince Henry the
Navigator

• Started a navigation
school in Sagres,Portugal
• Paid for exhibitions (trips)
to Africa
• Developed trade routes to
Africa
• Employed mapmakers to
make detailed maps.
 People to Know 2 – GIL EANES

• -reached as far as Cape

Bojadour in 1432 and went
beyond in 1434.
 People to Know 3 –
Diogo Cao

• -had
sailed 6,000 miles
south of Portugal ( Azores)
 People to Know 4 - Bartholomew Dias
-was a Portuguese explorer
who sailed in 1487 and was
the first to sail around the
Cape of Good Hope in South
Africa.
 People to Know 5 - Vasco da Gama
-was a Portuguese explorer who
sailed around the Cape of Good Hope
and made it to the coast of Calicut,
India on May 20, 1498. Da Gama
established the first water trade
route with Europe and Asia.
Calicut,India- became main source of
goods.
 SPAIN
 Very curious about the New World
 Wanted to have a larger empire
 Searched for spices, gold, and
silver
 Used missionaries to spread
Christianity
 Its success in conquering the open
ocean can be attributed to 2
 People to Know 6 - Christopher
Columbus (Christavao Colom)
-was an Italian by birth.
-belief: the shortest way to the East was by travelling
West.
.
Christopher
Columbus
•He sailed for King Ferdinand
and Queen Isabella of Spain.
• Note: He was NOT the first
European to reach the
Americas. He’s important
because, after his trip, more
Europeans traveled to the
New World.

• 1492: first expedition--

landed in the Caribbean
(Bahamas) and called it “ the
Indies” because he thought
he was in India and sailed to
Cuba amd Hispaniola
People to Know 7 – Amerigo Vespucci

• He realized that the land he was exploring was a

separate continent and not part of Asia, as he and
many others believed at the time. The continents
of North and South America are named after him.
• Although Christopher Columbus is credited for
discovering the “New World,” he always believed
he had reached Asia. Amerigo Vespucci, however,
actually confirmed that it was not Asia, but
instead a separate continent. Because of this,
North and South America bear his name. 
People to Know 8-Vasco Nuňez de Balboa

• He is best known for having

crossed the Isthmus of Panama
 to the Pacific Ocean in 1513,
becoming the first European to
lead an expedition to have
seen or reached the Pacific
from the New World.
 People to Know 9 - Ferdinand
Magellan
-Belief:1. the world is round
therefore, East can be reached
through westward route.
-Proposed route to Moluccas by
sailing west and through an
Atlantic passage to the Pacific
could be found.
-He sailed for the glory of Spain. He
led the first voyage to circumnavigate, or
sail around the entire globe.
 Colombian Exchange
• • Massive exchange of plants, animals and
diseases.
• •These things moved between the New and
Old Worlds.
• Started with Columbus.
• To the Americas: cows, horses,wheat,
smallpox, plus much more.
• • To Europe: potatoes,
tomatoes,tobacco,corn, plus much more.
 The Slave Trade
• • Europeans began to use slave labor
in their colonies to grow crops, mine,
etc.
• Native Americans used for a while, but
• Africans began to be brought to the
Americas.
• The slave trade then became the main
focus of Europe’s relations with Africa.
 Triangular Trade
- System of trade between Europe,
Africa,and the Americas.
• • Stage 1: Raw materials to
Europe(tobacco, rum, sugar)
• • Stage 2: Manufactured goods to Africa
(guns, cloth, rum)
• • Stage 3: Slaves to the Americas to make
raw materials.
IMPACT OF COLONIZATION

• SELF IMAGE & IDENTITY:

Acculturation/New cultures & religion
was introduced but traditional culture was
destroyed. Example : British brought
English language but destroyed traditions.

• DECISION MAKING & LEADERSHIP:

Colonization weakens decision making
& leaders. Example: Tribal leadership
system in Africa was destroyed.
 IMPACT OF COLONIZATION
• RIGHTS:
• No equality or rights were given to the
natives.Exploitation of men and women. Example:
Indians were forced to labor on constructions of road &
buildings but were kept from benefiting from such.

• WEALTH & RESOURCES:

• Exploitation of resources occurred. Example: Tons of
silver & gold were transported from America to Spain.
Similarly British took valuable jewels from India etc.
• Increase in international conflicts
B. Magellan’s Voyage
 Mission for Spain
• 1. To look for the Spice
Islands and other
goods useful to the
Spanish King.
Magellan-delCano Circumnavigation
Route
 Preparation: The Fleet
1. September 20, 1519 - a royal commission was sent, allowing
Magellan to head the expedition from San Lucar , Spain
The Spanish Armada de Molucca consisted of five ships with 237
men:
• Santiago under Juan Rodriguez Serrano.
- caught in a storm and wrecked.
• San Antonio under Juan de Cartageña;
- sails back to Spain under Estêvão Gomes
• Concepcion under Gaspar de Quesada;
- burned down
• Trinidad (flagship) under Ferdinand Magellan Captain General
• Victoria under Louis de Mendoza;
 2. September 26, 1519
• -Magellan’s fleet were able to crossed the
Atlantic Ocean

• 3. November 29, 1519

• -they reached Brazil and able to find Rio de
Janeiro & Rio de Plata
• 4. March 24, 1520
-they stopped at Puerto de sa Julian
• April 1 and 2: Mutiny on Victoria,
Concepcion and San Antonio; death of Louis
de Mendoza
• End of April: Santiago is sent on a mission to
find the passage. The ship is caught in a
storm and wrecked. Survivors return to
Puerto San Julián. Serrano becomes captain
of the Concepcion.
• OCTOBER 21, 1520- Magellan Discovered the
Strait located at the tip of South America
• On 20th of November the three remaining ships
entered the South Pacific. Magellan named the
waters the Mar Pacifico (Pacific Ocean) because
of its apparent stillness.[19] Magellan and his crew
were the first Europeans to reach Tierra del
Fuego just east of the Pacific side of the strait.
NOVEMBER 26, 1520- crossing of Pacific Ocean
- San Antonio returned to Spain.
• March 6,1521- Guam (Pulo ng Ladrones)
Arrival in the Philippines
• Arrival to Marianas and Guam
• March 17, 1521, sighted Samar, part of a group of islands they
called Archipelago of St. Lazarus
• reached the island of Homonhon in the Philippines, (their first
meeting with the Filipinos)
• March 31, 1521 - First catholic mass in Limasawa (Easter Sunday)
• April 1, 1521 – Arrival in Cebu, cordial relations with Raja
Humabon (conversion of 800 natives with Humabon, his wife and
daughter to Christianity), establishment of Magellan’s Cross
• April 27 – in a war with Lapu-lapu, chief of Mactan and
Humabon’s enemy, was fatally wounded with a poisoned arrow
thus causing his men to retreat.
Significance of the Magellan Expedition
• The main significance of his voyage was that he showed it
was possible to sail around the world, and left a record of
how to do it.
• Magellan’s voyage vastly increased the geographical
knowledge of mankind and proved once and for all that the
earth is round.
• Considering the inadequacy of marine instruments at the
time, Magellan´s voyage can be considered as the greatest
single trip ever undertaken. In terms of the hardships the
men endured and the courage they displayed, Magellan’s
maritime exploit has perhaps never been surpassed. The
route he took to reach the Philippines was entirely new, and
the Venetian monopoly of the trade route to the east was
thus broken. Spain became the supreme power in the
building of a colonial empire
• His discovery of the Philippines brought the archipelago
into the awareness of Europe.
• Finally, the voyage paved the way to Spanish
colonization and Christianization of the Philippines. The
later voyages of Fernando de Villalobos and Miguel
Lopez de Legaspi, to a certain extent, owed their
success to Magellan’s epochal voyage to the Far East.
• From the point of view of the Filipinos, Magellan’s
expedition was significant because it paved the way for
contacts between the Philippines and western
civilization