COMPARATIVE CAUSAL RESEARCH

Fourth Group
Andi Hidayat Thamrin (A1A2 14006)
Dina Fatimah Tjatir (A1A2 14016)
Ine Febrianty (A1A2 14032)
Irnawati (A1A2 14035)
Jeni Febriani (A1A2 14054)
Pratiwi Krezhnawati (A1A2 14050)
 Definition Of Comparative Causal Research

(Marzuki, 1999: 122)

Comparative causal research is a study conducted to
compare a variable (research object), between different
subjects or different times and find the causal
relationship.
Kerlinger (cited Emzir, 2010: 119)
a causal comparative research called ex post facto is a
systematic empirical investigation in which the researcher
does not control the independent variable directly because
the existence of the variable has occurred or because these
variables cannot be basically manipulated.

Gay (cited Emzir, 2010: 119)

suggests that comparative or ex post facto causal studies
are studies that seek to determine the cause or reason, for
the existence of differences in behavior or status within an
individual group
The Purpose of Comparative Research Method

The purpose of causal-comparative research is to investigate

the possibility of causal relationships by: based on the
observation of the consequences of looking for factors that
may occur under certain data. This is different from the
experimental methods that collect data at the present time
under controlled conditions.
 Advantages

1. Comparative-causal studies yield very useful information

about the nature of the symptoms in question: what is aligned
with what, under what conditions, in what order and pattern,
and is as sweet as that.

2. Improvements in terms of techniques, statistical methods,

and designs with partial control, have lately made
comparative causal studies more accountable.
 Disadvantages

1. It is difficult to obtain certainty that the relevant causal

factors have actually been included in the group of factors
under investigation.

2. The fact that the causal factor is not a single factor, but the
combination and interaction between factors in certain
conditions to produce the effect witnessed, cause the problem
is very complex.
 Comparison Between Ex Post Facto Approach With Experimental
Approach

A). Ex post facto approach will measure students' anxiety

levels at the time of the exam, then compare the exam results
of the students who are very anxious and less anxious
students.

B). experimental approach will give exams in two conditions

that are in all respects the same but which one raises
students' anxiety and the other is neutral.

C). The purpose of these two approaches is to compare two

equal groups to all relevant features except one, to measure
the effect of that trait.
 Procedures in Comparative Causal Method

Procedures in comparative causal research (ex post

facto) :

1. Determination of research problems

2. Determination of the group that has the
characteristics to be in carefully,
3. Selection of comparison groups
4. Data collection
5. Data analysis
 Example

Problem: . It is known that there is no fluency and some are

not, especially in using Indonesian language, even though
they are Indonesian language students. Can be used the title
"The Influence of Mother Language, Environment Outdoors,
and Indonesian Language Lessons in High School to
Proficiency Student Speech Level I Department of Bahasa
Indonesia

Identification of problems: Research assumes that there is a

causal relationship between the three factors in the title above
on speech proficiency. Indonesian language lessons in high
school have an effect on proficiency.
 Example

Variables
1. Free variables:
a) Mother tongue
b) Outdoor environment
c) Indonesian language lesson in SMA

&
2. Tied Variable: Speech skills
 Example

Problem Formulation: "Are the mother language factors, the

environment outside the home, and the Indonesian language
in high school influences on speech skills".

Hypothesis: "Maternal language factors, environment outside

the home, and Indonesian language in high school influential
significantly to the proficiency of the speech of students
majoring in Indonesian.