ENGINEERING DESIGN 1

Lesson 2
Orthographic Projection
Theory of Shape Description
TODAY’S TOPICS
• New Material- Orthographic
Projection
– Orthographic Projection Defined
– Types of Orthographic Projections
– Identification Symbols
• Assignment 1

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THEORY OF SHAPE DESCRIPTION
• How to describe an object using the
fewest words? Use a drawing.
• Need to convey specific information
about the object to the people
making the object.
• How to present the information
about a 3D object in a portable
format?
• Put it on paper (or cave walls if you
go back far enough) 3
THEORY OF SHAPE DESCRIPTION
• In order to put a 3D object on paper it
has to be “converted” to 2 dimensions.
• The most common method is
Orthographic Projection, either 3rd
angle or 1st angle
• Orthographic meaning “at right
angles”
• First angle common in Europe & Asia
• Third angle common in North America 4
EXAMPLE OF ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION

Top

Front Right Side

BASIC 3D SHAPED OBJECT

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FRONT VIEW (ARBITRARY)

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RIGHT SIDE VIEW- (3RD ANGLE)
Once we have
selected a
“FRONT” view,
the other views
are obtained from
it…here we see
the RIGHT view.

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Note how the “inclined” surface “D” is
flattened in the projected view
TOP VIEW- (3RD ANGLE)
Here we see the TOP view.
(Using the same FRONT view)

Note how the “inclined” surface “D” is 9

flattened in the projected view

SAMPLE DRAWING LAYOUT

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ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION
• Both 1st and 3rd Angle can be
visualized using the “Glass Box
Method”
– Put the object in a glass box
– Look at it and draw it while viewing it
from each side and top.
• Also could use the “Unfold box” method
– Consider the flat sides of the object as
starts
– Choose surfaces and then unfold each
surface as faces of a cardboard box. 11
GLASS BOX METHOD (3RD ANGLE)

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UNFOLD THE BOX METHOD
• Imagine the object is a ”Rubber Stamp”
• Stamp the shape of each face of the
object on the inside face of the glass
box
• Then unfold the box to layout the
views:
– Front
– Top
– Right
– Etc. 13
UNFOLD THE BOX METHOD (3RD ANGLE)

Rotate the glass

box to see the
object from each
orientation, then
draw it as it
appears

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UNFOLD THE BOX METHOD (3RD ANGLE)
Imagine the viewer moving around
the part.

Drawing right view = Part right side

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PROJECTION SYMBOLS
• The type of projection being used
must be indicated on the drawing
• Because….the drawing might be
emailed to China to be made, and
guess what?
• If it’s not indicated what projection
the drawing is, they will make it
backwards.
• Why? Because they will assume it is
drawn in First Angle Projection. 16
PROJECTION SYMBOLS
• The symbol looks like a cone drawn
in profile and end view
• North America uses:
– For Third Angle Projection
• Europe and Asia uses:
– For First Angle Projection
• The symbol will be shown on the
drawing in the lower right, near the
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Title Block
PROJECTION SYMBOLS
• Placed
TITLEon the drawing near the Title
Block
BLOCK

Which one is this??

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GLASS BOX METHOD (1ST ANGLE)

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UNFOLD THE BOX METHOD (1ST ANGLE)

Rotate the glass box to

see the object from
each orientation, then
draw it as it appears

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UNFOLD THE BOX METHOD (1ST ANGLE)
Imagine the part rotating on the
back edge.

Drawing right view = Part left side

D

A B
B D A

C
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UNFOLDING THE BOX METHOD
• 6 Principle Views:
• http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/5
590/5724458/animations/ch4/6principleviews
.html
• Glass Box Unfolded:
• http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/5
590/5724458/animations/AACXKTR0.html
• First and Third Angle Projection:
• http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/5
590/5724458/animations/ch4/firstthirdangle.
html 22
IN CLASS EXAMPLE (3RD ANGLE)
• Sketch the 3
Orthographic
Views: Front,
Top and Right
Side Projections

Front
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IN CLASS EXAMPLE (3RD ANGLE)

Sketch the 3
Orthographic
Views: Front, Top
and Left Side
Projections
REVIEW- ORTHOGRAPHIC
• Definition of Orthographic
Projection
• Types of Projections
• Identification Symbols
• Drawing Layout and view locations
• Projection Visualization Methods
– Glass Box Method
– Unfold Box Method 25
ASSIGNMENT 1- ORTHOGRAPHIC
• Add the missing views
• Hand-in for comments and marks
• Due …………
• Next Class: Lines as a Language
– Chapter 4.1 to 4.3 in Jensen
– Read pages 43 to 52

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