Member of Group 1

ELFINA NUR RAHMAWATI MUHAMMAD REZA

01 04
NIM. H1C115007 NIM. H1C115015

HIDAYAH REXY FERNANDO

02 05
NIM. H1C115009 NIM. H1C115020

M. HAFIDZ DANIAH SUKMA AFIFAH

03 06
NIM. H1C115013 NIM. H1C115024

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Shaft and Raise Boring Machines
 Backround

The raise boring technology was developed to meet the demands of the underground
mining industry, but has also found numerous applications in tunneling or infrastructural
projects for ventilation purposes even in very hard rock formations or in opening deep
shafts like in the Gothard Tunnel in Switzerland. Raise boring provides a safe means of
excavating a shaft between two levels of a mine without the use of explosives. Raise
boring machines operate on the principle of first drilling a small pilot hole and then
reaming the hole, in one or more stages to the desired size.

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Classification and
Working Principles
Raise Boring

In this system, the pilot hole is drilled down to a lower level; once the pilot

drilling operation is finished, the drill bit is removed and a reamer or raise

head is attached to the drill rod. The broken rock falls to the lower level by

gravity. This system operates with the drill string in tension.

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Down Reaming

In this system, the pilot hole is drilled downwards until it connects to a lower
access level. The drill string is retrieved and then a reamer is pushed
downwards. This Method uses drill string in compression and usually
stabilizers must be installed to eliminate the potential of the drill string buckling.
The decision whether to drill raises from the top or bottom usually depends on
the access point in a mine.

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Boxhole

The boxhole borer is a variant of a raise borer that is used when there is not
enough space on the higher of the two levels to be connected. A pilot hole is
drilled to an upper level up from the raise borer. Once the pilot hole drilling is
accomplished, the drill string is retrieved, and a reamer attached and pushed
upwards. The Broken rock falls down onto a special collection chute attached
to the top of the raise borer. Precautions Have to be taken to redirect falling
drill cuttings away from the machine, and to reinforce the drill string.

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Drilling blind Shafts with V Moles

A typical large-diameter shaft drill is seen in Figure 12.4. The V mole is a hor-
izontal TBM modified for shaft boring. Wirth is pioneering in this field and
machines developed by this company may excavate shafts up to 7 m diameter.
The Gripper assembly serves to resist to the thrust and torque required for
rock boring. Hydraulic pressure of thrust cylinders is controlled by the operator
to provide the required penetration rate. Rotary motion is transmitted from
grippers to a cutterhead trough, a Kelly. Shaft lining is realized using a working
platform located above a gripper assembly. Muck is removed to a pilot hole by
scrapers located on the cutterhead. In shaft reaming machine (SB) the
excavated muck falls through the pilot hole to a lower level. The pilot hole of
1–2 m diameter can be excavated with the raise boring machine. If a pilot hole
is not possible, a blind-shaft boring machine (VSB) needs to be used, where
the excavated material is transported through the shaft to the surface.

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Advantages and
Disadvantages of
Raise Boring
The main advantages may be cited as follows:

Workers are not needed to access the raise while it is under construction
And Using Explosives Is eliminated.

Less total manpower, less rock to handle, and less construction time
provide less cost.

Raise boring creates a shaft with smooth walls, which usually does not
require lining. The hole is more stable than a drilled and blasted
raise and has better air flow, making it ideal for ventilation raises..

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The main disadvantages may be cited as follows:

Raise boring is a convenient method in competent rock; however, several problems are
faced in geological formations where geological discontinuities are dominant. In such
cases, shaft boring time extends to several months for supporting shaft walls.

Less total manpower, less rock to handle, and less construction time
provide less cost.

Raise boring creates a shaft with smooth walls, which usually does not
require lining. The hole is more stable than a drilled and blasted
raise and has better air flow, making it ideal for ventilation raises..

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Thank you!
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