DATES

• 1901 Assassination of McKinley; Theodore Roosevelt becomes President of the

United States
• 1911 Overthrow of the Qing Dynasty; declaration of Republic of China
• 1914 Start of World War I: France, Britain, Italy (from 1915), Russia (until 1917),
and America (from 1917) vs. Germany, Austria, Turkey, Bulgaria
• 1917 Lenin's Russian Revolution in October (really November)
• 1918 End of World War I; overthrow of the German Emperor (“Kaiser”);
establishment of the “Weimar Republic”
• 1919 Treaty of Versailles to settle affairs after World War I
• 1921 Lenin adopts the “New Economic Policy”: a small-scale return to the market
• 1922 Mussolini marches on Rome; establishes first fascist regime
• 1923 French and Belgian troops occupy Germany's Ruhr Valley to try to force
reparations payments
• 1923 German World War I General Erich Ludendorff and Adolf Hitler attempt
coup-- ”Beer Hall Putsch”
 DATES
• 1927 Stalin expels Trotsky, Zinoviev, and Kamenev from the Communist Party
• 1929 The Wall Street stock market crash; start of the Great Depression
• 1930 Gandhi's “Salt March”
• 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria
• 1932 Election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in the United States
• 1933 Adolf Hitler becomes the last Chancellor of Germany's Weimar Republic
• 1933 Germany quits the Disarmament Conference and the League of Nations.
• 1935 Mussolini invades Ethiopia
• 1936 German military re-occupation of the Rhineland.
• 1937 Marco Polo Bridge “incident”; start of World War II in Asia
• 1938 Anschluss: Austria is annexed to the "Greater German Reich.“
• 1938 Munich Conference: Britain and France grant Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland
to Hitler to avoid war; Hitler gives Chamberlain his personal word on future
cooperation (the height of the policy of Appeasement).
 DATES
• 1939 Hitler's forces invade Czechoslovakia in violation of Hitler's pledges to
Chamberlain.
• 1939 Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression Pact (& secret protocol dividing eastern Europe
into spheres of influence) is signed in Moscow.
• 1939 Start of World War II in Europe; Nazi Soviet pact; Nazi invasion of Poland
• 1940 Fall of Denmark, Norway, France to Nazis
• 1941 Nazi invasion of Soviet Union
• 1941 Imperial Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
• 1942 “The End of the Beginning”: Battles of Midway, Guadalcanal, El Alamein,
“Operation Torch”, and ”Operation Uranus”: Stalingrad
• 1944 Bretton Woods conference: agreement to found the IMF and World Bank
• 1945 Yalta and Potsdam Conferences shape post-World War II world; Germany
partitioned
 DEFINITIONS
Balance of power- a situation in which states of the world have roughly equal power.

World system theory of Immanuel Wallerstein-refers to the inter-regional and transnational

division of labor, which divides the world into care countries, semi-periphery countries, and the
periphery countries.

Monroe Doctrine- a statement of U.S. foreign policy expressing opposition to extension of

European control or influence in the western hemisphere

Realpolitik- politics based on practical and material factors rather than on theoretical or ethical
objectives.

Pluralist power system- is the theory that a multitude of groups, not the people as a whole, govern
the United States.

Totalitarianism- a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete
subservience to the state.

Corporatism- the control of a state or organization by large interest groups.

 DEFINITIONS
Nazism- the political principles of the National Socialist German Workers' Party.

Fascism- is a form of radical authoritarian nationalism, characterized by dictatorial

power, forcible suppression of opposition and control of industry and commerce.

Communism- a system in which goods are owned in common and are available to all as
needed.

Kuomintang- major political party in the Republic of China, the largest opposition party
in the Legislative Yuan.

New Economic Policy (NEP)- the economic policy of the government of the Soviet Union
from 1921 to 1928, representing a temporary retreat from its previous policy of extreme
centralization.

Dekulakization- was the Soviet campaign of political repressions, including arrests,

deportations, and executions of millions of the better-off peasants and their families in
1929–1932
 DEFINITIONS
Bolsheviks- a member of the majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Party,
which seized power in the October Revolution of 1917

Civic and ethic nation-civil( France)association of people with equal and shared political
rights, and shared political rights, and allegiance to similar political procedure,
ethnic(German) people sharing a common language , religion, culture, history and ethic
origins, that differentiate them from people of other nations.

Imperialism- a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization,

use of military force, or other means.

Platt Amendment-rider appended to the U.S. Army appropriations bill of March 1901,
stipulating the conditions for withdrawal of U.S. troops remaining in Cuba since the
Spanish–American War, and molding fundamental Cuban–U.S. relations until 1934.

Zimmerman note- note written by German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann, is a

coded message sent to Mexico, proposing a military alliance against the United States.
 DEFINITIONS
Policy of appeasement- the policy of making concessions to the dictatorial powers in order to avoid
conflict, governed Anglo-French foreign policy during the 1930s

Blitzkrieg- an intense military campaign intended to bring about a swift victory.

Indirect rule- a system of government of one nation by another in which the governed people
retain certain administrative, legal, and other powers.

Civil disobedience- the refusal to comply with certain laws considered unjust, as a peaceful form of
political protest.

Secularization- to make secular; separate from religious or spiritual connection or influences; make
worldly or unspiritual; imbue with secularism.

Anschluss- union —used especially in reference to the forcible uniting of Germany and Austria in
1938.

Dawes Plan- a plan to ensure payments of reparations by Germany after World War I, devised by
an international committee headed by Charles Gates Dawes and put into effect in 1924.
 Multiple Choice about the Interwar years
What was the biggest economic problem for the nations of Eastern Europe after
World War One?
(Inflation)
*******************************
When did France send troops into the Ruhr in response to Germany's default on
reparations payments?
1923
*******************************
To which of the following nations did the Allies owe the greatest debt after World
War One?
The United States
*******************************
Which of the following was the greatest factor contributing to popular support for
Hitler?
The economy
 Multiple Choice
Which of the following performed the executive function in the League of Nations?
The Council
***************************
What was the focus of the Washington Conference?
Naval disarmament
***************************
What was Stalin's position in the Soviet government at the time of Lenin's death?
General secretary of the Communist Party
*****************************
• Which of the following types of government functioned in Estonia, Latvia, and
Lithuania?
Dictatorship
 Multiple Choice
Which nation had Hungary been tied to until after World War One?
Austria
***********************
Which of the following nations functioned as a democracy during the inter-war
years?
Estonia
***********************
Which of the following presented a more persistent problem for the
Czechoslovakian government than for the governments of many other nations in
Europe?
Poor relations with the Soviet Union
***********************
The Italian people were ________ about the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
Angry
 Multiple Choice
Which of the following groups was most represented by the Fascist Party in Italy?
Aristocrats
************************
In what year was Mussolini made premier of Italy?
1922
************************
Which of the following parties was David Lloyd George a member of?
Liberal
************************
Which of the following British prime ministers was responsible for signing the
Munich Pact?
Neville Chamberlain
************************
French government during the 1920s was largely which of the following?
Conservative
 Multiple Choice
Leon Blum's government in France is best described as which of the following?
Leftist
***********************
How many years did Hitler spend in prison as a result of the Beer Hall Putsch?
0
***********************
When was Hitler appointed chancellor?
1933
***********************
In which of the following elections did the Nazi's finally win more than 50 percent of
the vote?
None of the above
 Multiple Choiceabout the Second World
War
Which event is generally considered to be the first belligerent act of World War II?
Germany’s attack on Poland
**************************
Which two countries were the first to declare war on Germany?
Britain and France
**************************
Against which country did the Soviet Union instigate an armed conflict in late 1939?
Finland
**************************
What were the first two western European countries that Germany invaded?
Norway and Denmark
**************************
What happened at Dunkirk in May 1940?
British forces retreated across the English Channel
 Multiple Choice
Which best describes Germany’s standard invasion strategy at the beginning of
World War II?
Attack with a combination of speed and overwhelming force
****************************
Where was the French surrender to Germany signed?
In a railway car
****************************
What was Italy’s primary role in the war?
It distracted Germany from accomplishing its main objectives
****************************
What was Hitler’s primary justification for invading Russia?
Germany needed more space for its population
****************************
What was the code name given to Germany’s plan to invade the USSR?
Operation Barbarossa
 Multiple Choice
On which region of the Soviet Union did Hitler place the highest priority?
Ukraine and southern Russia
***************************
Which country was the site of most of the Nazi extermination camps?
Poland
***************************
How did the Western Allies respond to Germany’s invasion of Russia?
They sent supplies and intelligence information to the USSR
***************************
What Japanese action created tension with the United States?
Its seizure of territory in China
***************************
What U.S. action created tension with Japan?
Its establishment of a trade embargo against Japan
 Multiple Choice
Who was the Japanese admiral behind the Pearl Harbor attack?
Yamamoto
*************************
Which battle is considered to be the turning point for the war in the Pacific?
The Battle of Midway
*************************
During the Battle of Midway, Japan lost
Most of its aircraft carriers
*************************
Who met at Casablanca?
Roosevelt and Churchill
*************************
What was the focus of the Tehran Conference?
The Allied invasion of France
 Multiple Choice
Which country instigated the conflict in North Africa?
Italy
***************************
Why did Allied forces invade Italy after it had already surrendered?
German forces were still fighting in the country
***************************
The Battle of Kursk is best described as
A tank battle
***************************
After the Battle of Kursk, German forces
Began a lengthy retreat back to Germany
***************************
What was the code name for the Allied invasion of Europe?
Operation Overlord
 Multiple Choice
The Allied invasion of Europe was primarily directed at
The French coast
****************************
What was the location of the second major Allied assault into Europe in 1944?
The French Mediterranean coast
****************************
Where did the Battle of the Bulge take place?
The Ardennes Forest
****************************
Which Allied country’s forces arrived in Berlin first?
The USSR
****************************
In the last six months of the war, what was the U.S. strategy for winning the conflict
with Japan?
Break the Japanese will with massive bombing raids on Japanese cities
 Multiple Choice
At what conference did the Allies set the terms for the Japanese surrender?
The Potsdam Conference