CHAPTER 16

CONCLUSION
BY
SITI NORAINI BINTI JAHIDIN
SITI NORAIN BINTI JAHIDIN
 Sociolinguistics competence
• Defined as the knowledge that enabled people to use language appropriately in a
range of diverse social contexts.
•Using language appropriately involves knowing the sociolinguistic rules for
speaking in a community, It means understanding the influence of social factors
on speech behaviour and vice-versa
Chapter 2: Language • choosing the appropriate variety or code to use in such
Choice in multilingual communities.
communities
Chapter 3: Language • The difference in the linguistic repertoire in different
maintenance and shift generations.
• How do economic and political factors influence language
choices?
• The process of language shift and language death
• Language revivals
Chapter 4: Linguistic • the relative status and functions of different languages in
varieties and multilingual multilingual communities
nations - Vernacular, Standard languages, lingua franca and Pidgin
and creole
Chapter 5: National • The status of languages from a macro level
languages and national • The process of developing languages for high-level functions
planning
Chapter 6: Regional • focus on language variation in multilingual
and social dialects communities.
• illustrate the way people use language to signal and
enact their membership of particular groups
Chapter 7: Gender • Examine how to speak appropriately for our gender
and age and age group, and to actively construct our social
identities.

Chapter 8 : • illustrates the relevance of ethnicity and social

Ethnicity and social networks in accounting for people’s speech patterns
networks • introducing a related concept, the community of
practice.
Chapter 9: • explore the contribution of social factors to language
Language change change in a community.
Chapter 10: Style, context
and register
Chapter 11: Speech function,
politeness cross-cultural
communication
Chapter 12: Gender,
politeness and stereotypes
Chapter 13: Language,
cognition and culture
Chapter 14: Analysing
discourse
Chapter 15: Attitudes and
applications
• features of the different speech styles that people use in
socially distinct situations
• the ability to use language effectively and politely to different
people is important.
• acquiring sociolinguistic competence involves recognizing the
different ways in which women and men interact in a
community.
• Sexist language constructs and reinforces negative
stereotypes of women
• explores the relationship between language, thought and
culture, and the issue of the extent to which learning a
language also involves acquiring a particular worldview.
• focuses on a specific aspect of sociolinguistic competence, our
ability to manage discourse in a range of social contexts.
• extends the discussion of the relevance of concepts such as
power and status in sociolinguistics in relation to language
attitudes in particular.