BUILDING ?

 A building is a structure that is built.

 It may be residential or non-residential.
 DRAWING
 Drawing is the language of Engineers.

 It cannot be spoken or read aloud, but easily

understood by engineers of any country.

 It conveys message more effectively.

 Leonardo Da Vinci : Father of Building

Drawing.
ELEMENTS OF A
BUILDING
ISOMETRIC VIEW
PLAN
SECTIONAL
ELEVATION
ELEVATION
 BYE-LAW
 For the construction of any building,
certain restrictions are laid down by
Municipal bodies, Urban development
authorities and other government
departments as town planning trusts to
clear open spaces to be left round the
building
 purpose
 If certain rules and regulations
are not made, house owner
may construct residential
building as per his whims and
fancies
 Hence it is essential to maintain
and implement the Bye-laws
to provide proper Ventilation,
Privacy, Security and Safety
between the neighbors.
 OBJECTIVES
 Allows disciplined and systematic growth of
buildings and towns and prevent haphazard
development.
 Protect safety of public against fire, noise,
health hazards and structural failures.
 Provide proper utilization of space.
 They give guidelines to the architect or an
engineer.
 Due to these Bye-laws, each building will have
proper approaches, light, air and ventilation.
 TERMINOLOGIES
 Amalgamation: Combining two or more
plots as a single plot.
 Amenities: Means roads, open spaces,
parks, recreational grounds, gardens,
water and electric supply etc..
 Bifurcation: Means divides a plot into two.
 Building line: Means the line up to which
the plinth of a building may lawfully extend
within the plot on a street.
 TERMINOLOGIES
 Building set back: Minimum distance
between any building or structure from
the boundary line of the plot.
 TERMINOLOGIES
 Set back line: The line parallel to the
plot boundaries and laid down in each
case by the authority beyond which
nothing can be constructed towards the
site boundaries.
 Permit: A permission or authorization
writing by the authority to carry out work.
 Frontage: Means the width of the site
abutting the access road.
 TERMINOLOGIES
 High rise building : Means a building of
height of 24 meters or more above the
average surrounding ground level.
 Multi storeyed building : means a
building of more than one floor, excluding
ground level is called multi storeyed
building.
 Covered area : The area covered by
building immediately above the plinth level
i.e., ground floor, is known as Covered
area.
 TERMINOLOGIES
 Chajja: It is sloping or horizontal
structural over hang which is usually
provided over openings in external
walls.
 TERMINOLOGIES
 Sanctioned Plan: It is a set of drawings,
Plan and specifications submitted under
the code and duly approved and
sanctioned by the authority.
 Balcony: It is horizontal projection which is
used to serve as passage or sitting out
place.
 Basement or cellar: The lower storey of a
building below or partly below ground level
is known as Basement or Cellar.
 TERMINOLOGIES
 Detached building: It is a building whose
walls and roofs are independent of any
other buildings.
 Semi-detached building: A building
detached on three sides with specified
open spaces is known as semi-detached
building
 Plinth: The portion of a structure lying
between the surface of the surrounding
ground and surface of the floor immediately
above the ground is known as Plinth.
 TERMINOLOGIES
 Plinth area: It is the built up covered
area measured at the floor level of the
basement.
 Open space: It is an area forming an
integral part of the plot, left open to the
sky is known as Open space.
 Floor area: It means usable covered
area of a building at any floor level.
 TERMINOLOGIES
 Row housing: It is row of residential
houses.
 Plot or Site: It is a piece of land
enclosed by definite boundaries.
 Tand or ledge: It is self like projection
within a room. Its projection must not be
wider than 1m.
 Occupancy or use group: It represents
the main purpose for which a building is
to be used.
 TERMINOLOGIES
 Loft: It is an intermediate floor between
two floors with a maximum height of
1.5m.
 TERMINOLOGIES
 Dwelling house: The term dwelling
house is used to indicate a residential
building which includes out house and
garage for parking.
 Dwelling unit: This term is used to refer
a residential accommodation for one
family with maximum requirements (This
type of buildings is called as Tenement.
 TERMINOLOGIES
 Barsati, saiban or rent house: It is a
covered space open at least on one
side, constructed on a terraced roof and
mainly used for shelter during rains.
 TERMINOLOGIES
 Habitable room: It is a room occupied for the
purpose of Study, living, sleeping, eating and
kitchen etc…
 Antia or mamti: (Stair Cover): It is the roof
provided only for stair case and landing.
CIPLES UNDERLYING BUILDING BYE L
 Classifying the building with unit as a
family and mention the requirements.
 Classifying the rooms according to use.
 Specifying height of compound wall.
 Controlling the height of structures in
certain zones.
 Specifying suitable arrangements with
respect to Drainage, Water supply and
Power.