Fireman in the House

Group I
Fahim Bin Mohd Kushairi 177248

Mohamad Amirul Bin Hassan 178208

Raja Faid Bin Raja Abdullah 180027

Muhammad Helmi Bin Farizad 178626

Muhammad Redzuan Bin Kamarudin 180590

Background Study
• First version of modern fire
extinguisher was invented in UK
by George Manby
• Model was a 3 gallon copper
vessel that contain potassium
carbonate
• Fire extinguisher was meant to
control fire from grow and
spread
• Fires classified into 5 different
categories in US by Nation Fire
Protection Association
• Five classes A, B, C, D and K
• Having different class for
different type of fire is effective.
Problem Statement
1. Weight
• Heavy in weight.
• Hard to handle as they are heavy in weight.
• Uncomfortable carry weight for Men, Women or Children

2. Operational-friendly
• Not designed for the untrained and unpracticed.

3. Operational/Working distance
• User are exposed in high temperature and heat more than 200oC
• Current design was 2-6 meter depending on the size
• Unsafe as the fire might spread to the user
• Exposed heat at that distance might create uncomfortable condition towards
user.
Aim and Objectives
The overall aim of this research was to improve the design of fire
extinguisher and its ease of use.

The objectives are:

I. To identify the flaws in the design of a fire extinguisher
II. To analyzed and evaluate the end user in operating the conventional fire
extinguisher.
III. To design, calculate and test the performance of the new fire extinguisher
that addressed form the first and second objectives
Scope and Limitation
• Conventional fire extinguisher was build to perform well in small
space area.
• In house building area was selected as a parameter benchmark.
• Design was based on common fire cause in the house
I. Household fires
II. Electrical fires
• Specific floor cover area in house building is 12.5 m X 9.0 m
• Design also will based on current fire extinguisher objective which is
meant to be use at the initial stage of fire
 BACKGROUND OF FIRE EXTENGUISHER
• The first fire extinguisher was patented in England in 1723 by Ambrose Godfrey

• Starting in the 1860s, inventors created the soda-acid extinguisher, where a cylinder contained one or two gallons of water that
had sodium bicarbonate mixed in it

• One of the more interesting types of fire extinguishers developed during the 19th and early 20th centuries were the so-called ‘fire
grenade’. The ‘fire ‘grenade’ was a sphere of glass filled with either salt-water or the chemical carbon tetra-chloride (CTC)

• In the middle of the twentieth Century the modern type of extinguisher appeared using different extinguishing agents.
Manufacturers of extinguishers generally use some type of pressurised vessel to store and discharge the extinguishing agent.

• The second type of fire extinguishers are the ‘gas cartridge’ type operate in the same manner but the pressure source is a small
cartridge of carbon dioxide gas (CO2)
 TYPE OF FIRE EXTENGUISHER AND SUITABILITY
• ABC Powder
• AFFF Foam
• Carbon dioxide
• Water
• Wet Chemical
• Water Mist
 TYPE OF FIRE
• Class A Fires - Freely Burning Materials
• Class B Fires - Flammable Liquids
• Class C Fires - Flammable Gases
• Class D Fires - Flammable Metals
• Electrical Fires - Electrical Fires
• Class F Fires – Combustible Cooking Media
 FIRE SAFETY STANDARD IN MALAYSIA
• Portable fire extinguishers are valuable in the early stages of fire when their portability and
immediate availability for use by one person enable a prompt attack to be made.
• Code of practice need to be carried out on the premises and that the locations, types and
consequences of possible fires have been identified
• The recommendations for inspection, maintenance and testing in this standard may be applied to
portable extinguishers wherever they may be located
 LIMITATION OF EXISTING DESIGN
1) Foam – Suitable for Class A and B Fires
• It can be susceptible to frost.

2) ABC Powder – Suitable for Class A, B, C and Electrical Fires

• Can be messy, as it’s a fine powder. Clean up can be costly and time-consuming, so consideration
should be given where misuse/accidental use would be an issue.
• Reduces visibility when discharged, so consideration required when placing near escape routes,
stairwells, etc.
• May aggravate respiratory conditions when discharged.
• Limited cooling properties.
• While Powder is safe for use on electrical fires, it can cause corrosion
 LIMITATION OF EXISTING DESIGN ( Cont )
3) CO2 – Suitable for Class B and Electrical Fires
• It’s an asphyxiate, so care should be exercised when using in confined spaces.
• Limited cooling properties and no protection against reigniting.
• A non-insulated horn can cause frost burn if user accidentally touches the horn when in
use. Frost- free horns offer some protection against this (a frost free horn has a honeycomb ring
on the internal lining; non-insulated horns have a single layer of plastic).
Design selection
Design No. 1

 Has extended nozzle

 Has three part that can be used as handle
 Easy to handle in any ways.
 May take a few second to set the nozzle length
Design No. 2

 Use long rod as its body

 Looks like house vacuum
 Store ABC powder at the back of its body
and in a sphere shape
 The wide nozzle at the end of the fire
extinguisher ma cause pressure drop
 Not a very convenience shape
Design No. 3

 Fixed at the wall

 Use sensor to detect heat
 User don’t need to carry the fire
extinguisher because it will operate it self
 It will fire a ball that contain ABC powder
Design No. 4

 It has a long shape

 The fire extinguisher operate in horizontal
way
 It only required to press the button to
activate the fire extinguisher
 Simple shape
 Easy to do maintenance if the pressure
had finish or the powder has finish
Comparison of the design
Design no 1 Design no 2 Design no 3 Design no 4
Portable yes yes no Yes
Suitable Size yes no yes Yes
Convenience shape yes no no yes
Can be use from yes yes yes yes
distance
Can target yes yes no Yes
accurately
Sensor No no yes no
Take less time to no yes yes yes
operate
Material Selection

Composite : Fiberglass + Thermoset plastic

Corrosion resistance
Light weight
Good thermal insulation
Non-flammable
Strong

Fiberglass Composite Value

Strength 137.89 MPa - 241.31 MPa
Stiffness 6894.757 MPa - 10342.1 MPa
Density 1522.394759 kg/m3
Component of the product
Name Material Description
For storage of extinguishing agent, actuating
Tank Fiberglass + plastic resin
mechanism and gas cartridge

Extinguishing agent Potassium bicarbonate Agent used to put out fire

To control the opening for the escape of extinguishing

Valve Steel
agent

Actuating handle Thermostat plastic Act as the hand held

Actuating
Stainless steel To trigger the release mechanism
mechanism

Safety pins Steel To prevent accidental press of the actuator

Gas-cartridge Stainless steel Contain the pressurized Carbon dioxide gas

The ensure the extinguisher agent is directly to the

Nozzle Fiberglass
fire
Costing

Raw material
Item Qty. Price per kg Total

Fiberglass
-Nozzle
0.5 kg RM 28.00 RM 14.00
-Handle
-Tank

Plastic resin 0.5 kg RM 22.85 RM 11.35

Total Cost RM 25.35

Other costing
Name Material Price/unit Quantity Cost

Extinguishing
ABC Powder RM 6.53 3 kg RM 19.59
agent

Actuating
Stainless steel RM 42.36 1 RM 42.36
mechanism
Safety pins Iron RM 0.47 1 RM 0.47

Gas-cartridge Stainless steel RM 38.12 1 RM 38.12

Total cost RM 100.54

Process costing
Type of Process Description Estimated Cost

A robot simultaneously winds 12 strands of fiberglass yarn over a steel form shaped
Winding RM 3.00
like half cylinder according to the specific pattern
Machine injects liquid plastic at high pressure impregnating the fiberglass and the
Molding press RM 3.00
plastic is heated for 10 minutes to cure the plastic

Boring Cutting the sheet metal into desirable size base on the design. RM 3.00

Grinding Trims the edge of each half cylinder to exact specification RM 3.00

Tapering Create angle at the end of the cylinder RM 3.00

Mating the halves at the tapered edges that slot together in a tight after adhesive is
Lathe RM 3.00
applied.
Assemble the part together such as the valve, handle and mounting and actuator
Assembly RM 3.00
mechanism
Finishing Surface finishing of the product. (Coating, etc.) RM 3.00
Packaging Packaging of the finished product. RM 3.00
Total Cost RM 27.00
Labour costing
• Working hour to produce 1 tank is
• Labour cost = Number of worker X Number of working hour X Labour
rate per hour
= 5 worker X 2 hours X RM 5.00 = RM 50.00

Total cost for a product

Costing Part Total (RM)
Raw Material RM 25.35
Machining RM 27.00
Labor Cost RM 50.00
Others Cost RM 100.54
Total Cost (RM) RM 202.90