Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
Chapter 1
Lecture 1
Introduction
Definitions
2
Chapter 1
3
Chapter 1
4
Chapter 1
Smog (Ch. 1)
Wetlands (Ch. 7 DVD-ROM)
http://www.umich.edu/~essen/
6
Chapter 1
7
Chapter 1
Chemical Identity
A chemical species is said to have reacted when
it has lost its chemical identity.
The identity of a chemical species is determined
by the kind, number, and configuration of that
species’ atoms.
8
Chapter 1
Chemical Identity
A chemical species is said to have reacted when
it has lost its chemical identity.
There are three ways for a species to loose its
identity:
9
Chapter 1
Reaction Rate
The reaction rate is the rate at which a species
looses its chemical identity per unit volume.
10
Chapter 1
Reaction Rate
Consider the isomerization
AB
rA = the rate of formation of species A per unit
volume
-rA = the rate of a disappearance of species A
per unit volume
rB = the rate of formation of species B per unit
volume
11
Chapter 1
Reaction Rate
EXAMPLE: AB
If Species B is being formed at a rate of
0.2 moles per decimeter cubed per second, i.e.,
rB = 0.2 mole/dm3/s
12
Chapter 1
Reaction Rate
For a catalytic reaction we refer to –rA’ , which is the
rate of disappearance of species A on a per mass of
catalyst basis. (mol/gcat/s)
13
Chapter 1
Reaction Rate
Consider species j:
1. rj is the rate of formation of species j per unit volume
[e.g. mol/dm3s]
2. rj is a function of concentration, temperature,
pressure, and the type of catalyst (if any)
3. rj is independent of the type of reaction system
(batch, plug flow, etc.)
4. rj is an algebraic equation, not a differential equation
(e.g. -rA = kCA or -rA = kCA2)
14
Building Block 1: Chapter 1
Fj0 Gj Fj
V1
V2
rj1
rj 2
G j1 rj1V1
G j 2 rj 2 V2
16
Building Block 1: Chapter 1
Take limit
n
Gj rjiVi r dV
j
i1 lim V 0 n
17
Building Block 1: Chapter 1
FA0 GA FA
Batch
dN A
FA0 FA rAdV
dt
FA0 FA 0
Well-Mixed r dV
A rAV
dN A
rAV
19 dt
Chapter 1
t 0 N A N A0
when
t t NA NA
NA
dN A
t
N A0
rAV
NA
21 t
Chapter 1
CSTR
dN A
FA 0 FA rA dV
dt
dN A
Steady State 0
dt
22
Chapter 1
Well Mixed r dV r V
A A
FA0 FA rAV 0
FA 0 FA
V
rA
CSTR volume necessary to reduce the molar flow
rate from FA0 to FA.
23
Chapter 1
24
Chapter 1
FA FA
V V V
In Out Generation
at V 0
at V V in V
FA V FA V V rA V 0
25
Chapter 1
FA V V FA V
lim rA
V 0 V
dFA
rA
dV
dN A
FA0 FA rA dV
dt
dN A
Steady State 0
dt
FA0 FA rA dV 0
27
Alternative Derivation Chapter 1
0
dFA
rA
dFA
rA
dV dV
FA
dFA
The integral form is: V
FA 0
rA
W W W
FA W FA W W rA W
dN A
dt
Steady State dN A
0
dt
FA W W FA W
lim rA
29
W 0 W
Chapter 1
H 2 SO4
CH2 CH CH3 H2O CH2 CH CH3
O OH OH
32
Fast Forward to the 10th Week of the Course Chapter 11
v0
Propylene Glycol
34
Chapter 11
35
Chapter 11
Parameter Evaluation (CA0, i, ): The total liquid volumetric flow rate entering
the reactor is
36
Chapter 11
Evaluate mole balance terms: The conversion calculated from the mole balance,
XMB, is found form Equation (E8-8.5).
37
Chapter 11
38
Chapter 11
39
Chapter 11
40
Chapter 11
41
Chapter 11
Analysis
We have applied our CRE algorithm to calculate the
Conversion (X=0.84) and Temperature (T=614 °R)
in a 300 gallon CSTR operated adiabatically.
T=535 °R
X=0.84
A+BC
T=614 °R
42
Algorithm
Keeping Up
43
Algorithm
Separations
44
Algorithm
Reaction Engineering
45
Algorithm
Heat Effects
Isothermal Design
Stoichiometry
Rate Laws
Mole Balance
CRE Algorithm
46
Algorithm
47
Algorithm
Heat Effects
Isothermal Design
Stoichiometry
Rate Laws
Mole Balance
49
Supplemental Slides
Additional Applications of CRE
50
Supplemental Slides
Additional Applications of CRE
51
Supplemental Slides
Additional Applications of CRE
52
Supplemental Slides
Additional Applications of CRE
53
Supplemental Slides
Additional Applications of CRE
54
Supplemental Slides
Additional Applications of CRE
55
Supplemental Slides
Additional Applications of CRE
Smog (Ch. 1)
56
Supplemental Slides
Additional Applications of CRE
58
Supplemental Slides
Additional Applications of CRE
Cobra Bites
(Ch. 8 DVD-ROM)
59
Supplemental Slides
Additional Applications of CRE
60
Supplemental Slides
Additional Applications of CRE
Plant Safety
(Ch. 11,12,13)
61