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ACTIVE VOICE

PRESENT TENSE
• When to use?
 Actions/situations that do not change
frequently
 To describe HABITS/ROUTINES
 To express OPINIONS
 To make GENERAL STATEMENTS/FACT
TIME EXPRESSIONS
• Always  Everyday
• Usually  From time to time
• Often  Occasionally
• Sometimes  Frequently
• Seldom
• Rarely
• Never
FORMULA
• VERBA
(+) S + Verb1/s-es + O + Adverb
(-) S + Do/Does not + Verb1 + O + Adverb
(?) Do/Does + S + Verb1 + O + Adv ?
• NONVERBA
(+) S + Tobe (am/is/are) + Noun/Adj/Adv
(-) S + Tobe not + Noun/Adj/Adv
(?) Tobe + S + Noun/Adj/Adv ?
Singular Subject (VERBA)
• Add –es to verbs ending in
 -sh , -ch, -th, -s, -o, -x,
Examples:
Wash  Washes (Consonant)-y  i + -es
Catch  Catches Try  Tries
Fry  Fries
Bath  Bathes
Kiss  Kisses Except (vocal)-y  + -s
Do  Does Play  Plays
Mix  Mixes Lay  Lays
EXAMPLES (VERBA)
• I usually go to campus every working day. I don’t go to campus
on Sunday.
• We live in Palembang, we don’t live in Bali.
• Do you take English subject? Does she take English subject?
• Anisa and Joni sometimes work together. Does Rika work
together with them? Do they ask Rike to join them?
• She always looks beautiful. She doesn’t use make up.
• The sun always rises from east to west.
• The cat sometimes eats mouse. The cat does not eat fruit.
• Yudi never watches cartoon. He doesn’t like it. Does he like a
horror movie?
EXAMPLES (NONVERBA)
• I am a lecturer, I am not a student.
• You are students.
• Are you at the class?
• Sugar is sweet and salt is salty.
• We are human, we are not things.
• They are not our friends.
• The rainbow is a beautiful nature phenomenon.
• The table is expensive.
• Is he an artist? He is not handsome.
• She is not in the bedroom. Is she in the kitchen?
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
• Actions/situations in progress at the moment
of speaking.
• Activities that are happening right now and
current activities in a general nature.
• Activities/situations that are temporary rather
than permanent
TIME EXPRESSIONS
• Now
• Right now
• At the moment
• Today
• This … (this semester, this morning, …)
FORMULA
(+) S + Tobe (am/is/are) + Verb-ing + O + Adv
(-) S + Tobe (am/is/are) not + Verb-ing +O+ Adv
(?) Tobe (am/is/are) + S + Verb-ing + O + Adv ?
At the moment of speaking
• We are studying right now.
• They are not studying in this class right now.
• Are you waiting the class is over now?
• Other students are studying in another class
right now.
• Are they playing right now?
• He is looking at me right now. Is he listening to
me now?
Current activities
• You are taking English subject this semester.
• They are planning a big show this year.
• Are students doing anything this semester?
• Is she visiting her parents in Padang this
month?
• Nadia is studying really hard for her exams this
week.
Exercise:
Present Tense vs Present Continuous Tense
1. Deni (sit, usually) ____in the front row during class, but
today he (sit) ____in the last row.
2. Febri (wash) ____ her hair every weekend.
3. (Lock, you, always) ____your house door when you leave?
4. A. Where (be) ____ Risa and Rosa?
B. They (be) ____ out of town. They (visit) ____their
family.
5. Right now, Ms. Kuntum (look) ____around the class. Tina
(write) ___ in her book. Vita (bite)____her pencil. Zulfikar
(scratch)____ his head. Rini and Roni (chat)____.
6. A. What is your brother doing at this moment?
B. He (read)____a book.
7. Please be quiet! I (try)____to concentrate.
8. She (go, usually)____to cinema every Sunday.
Exercise:
Present Tense vs Present Continuous Tense
1. Deni (sit, usually) usually sits in the front row during class, but
today he (sit) is sitting in the last row.
2. Febri (wash) washes her hair every weekend.
3. (Lock, you, always) Do you always lock your house door when you
leave?
4. A. Where (be) are Risa and Rosa?
B. They (be) are out of town. They (visit) are visiting their family.
5. Right now, Ms. Kuntum (look) is looking around the class. Tina
(write) is writing in her book. Vita (bite)is biting her pencil. Zulfikar
(scratch)is scratching his head. Rini and Roni (chat)are chating.
6. A. What is your brother doing at this moment?
B. He (read)is reading a book.
7. Please be quiet! I (try)am trying to concentrate.
8. She (go, usually)usually goes to cinema every Sunday.
(Correct number/15)x100
PAST TENSE
 Actions/situations that began and ended in
the past.

Time Marker:
• Yesterday (yesterday morning, yesterday
evening)
• ….. ago (2 years ago, 3 minutes ago, …)
• Last …. (Last week, last year, last month, …)
FORMULA
• VERBA
(+) S + Verb2 + O + adv
(-) S + Did not/Didn’t + Verb 1 + O + adv
(?) Did + S + Verb1 + o + adv ?

• NONVERBA
(+) S + was/were + noun/adj/adv
(-) S + was/were not + noun/adj/adv
(?) Was/were + S + noun/adj/adv ?
EXAMPLES (VERBA)
• We ate pempek yesterday. We didn’t eat
Model. Did you eat pempek yesterday?
• She bought new bag last week. She didn’t buy
books. Did she buy a new handphone last
week?
• I went to PS Mall yesterday afternoon. My
mom didn’t go with me. Did you go to PS Mall
Last night?
EXAMPLES (NONVERBA)
• I was at home yesterday. They weren’t there
to accompany me. Were you at home
yesterday?
• They were sad last night. We were not happy.
• Sonia was not in Palembang last year. She was
at Bengkulu.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
 Actions/situations in progress in the recent
past (a few moment before the moment of
speaking) or at a specific time in the past.
FORMULA
(+) S + was/were + Verb-ing + O + adv
(-) S + was/were not + Verb-ing + O + adv
(?) Was/were + S + Verb-ing + O + adv ?
EXAMPLES
• Recent Past
 Oh! You startled me! I was taking a little nap.

• Specific time
 Ani was doing her homework when her father came last night.
 We were watching tv at 10 p.m. last night.

• When and While


 My mom was cooking in the kitchen when the phone rang
yesterday.
 When I called you last night, you were listening to the music.

 My mom was cooking in the kitchen while my dad was reading.


 While you were studying, she was washing the dishes.
Exercise:
Past Tense vs Past Continuous Tense
1. Sinta (eat)___ dinner at 07.10 p.m. last night.
2. While Shinta (eat)___ dinner, Mona was coming through
the door.
3. In other words, when Mona (come)___ through the door,
Sinta (eat)___ dinner.
4. The phone (ring)___ while Yusuf (sleep)___ last night.
5. Liza (come)___ yesterday while Rike (do)___ her
homework.
6. Sheilla took her mother to the hospital because she
(be)___ sick.
7. What (you, do) ____ this morning when I phoned you?
8. We (walk)____ down the street when it began to rain.
Exercise:
Past Tense vs Past Continuous Tense
1. Sinta (eat)was eating dinner at 07.10 p.m. last night.
2. While Shinta (eat)was eating dinner, Mona was coming through
the door.
3. In other words, when Mona (come)came through the door, Sinta
(eat)was eating dinner.
4. The phone (ring)was ringing while Yusuf (sleep)was sleeping last
night.
5. Liza (come)was coming yesterday while Rike (do)was doing her
homework.
6. Sheilla took her mother to the hospital because she (be)was sick.
7. What (you, do) were you doing this morning when I phoned you?
8. We (walk)were walking down the street when it began to rain.
(Correct number/11)x100

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