Embedded System

in Automobiles

B
Chafiq Mostafa
Boudraa Redwane 1

Farhane Yassine
What is an embedded system?

The beginning

Electronic Control Unit

Other modules

The future

Questions
What is an Embedded System?

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The Beginning

 First electronic fuel injection (EFI) system developed by

Bendix Corporation in 1957
 Offered by America Motors Corporation
 Only used in pre-production cars
 Less horsepower, expensive, suffered in cold temps.

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The Beginning
 D-Jetronic system developed by Bosch
 Volkswagen Type 3 – 1967 The system sensed manifold
pressure, and engine temp. Turned injectors on and off

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First Electronic Control Unit

 First seen in 1975 Chevrolet Cosworth Vega

 Received information from 10 sensors
 Pre-programmed to monitor engine and deliver fuel to
cylinders
 Still analog

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First microprocessor
 1976 Aston Martin Lagonda
 First to use computer management and LED display
 Cost three times the budget of the car

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Digital ECUs

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ECU components

 8-32bit 40 MHz microprocessor

 Analog-digital converter
 High-level digital outputs
 Digital-analog converter
 Signal conditioner
 Communication chips
 controller-area-networking, 500 Kbps

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Easier Diagnostics

 Each module communicates errors to a central module

 Can communicate errors to a diagnostic tool

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Instrument Cluster
 Displays data about the vehicle in its current state
 Various modules send data to ECU
 ECU send a packet of info
 Cluster module looks for specific headers
 Cluster is updated

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Other modules

 Antilock Brakes
 Airbags
 Security systems
 Keyless entry
 Media center
 Cruise control
 Seat position and
temperature

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Google’s car

 To be released in the next 5 years

 Realistically 2020
 Issues
 Lane markers in snow
 Un-mapped road changes
 Traffic officers
 Performance standard
 Price

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References
 http://auto.howstuffworks.com/under-the-hood/trends-innovations/car-
computer1.htm
 “How ECUs Use Closed-Loop Controls to make Fueling Corrections”, Cobb
Tuning Inc, 2008
 1975 Chevrolet Cosworth Vega Overhaul Supplement - general information
 http://www.howstuffworks.com/fuel-injection.htm
 http://www.embedded.com/electronics-blogs/significant-
bits/4024611/Motoring-with-microprocessors
 http://www.slideshare.net/abhisheksutrave/embedded-systems-in-
automobile

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