You are on page 1of 59

Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Bab 3: Biodiversiti
FORM 2 KSSM | Chapter 1

1
Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®
Cikgu Hamidah
Translated and modified by :
(SMJK. Pei Hwa, Tangkak)
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity
1.1 Diversity of Organisms

What is BIODIVERSITY??

• Living things is known as a


organism.
• Living organisms such as
humans, animals and plants
have different shapes ,sizes
and appearance to enable
scientists to classify these
organisms into groups.
• Biodiversity is a diversity of
living organisms in an area. 2

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity
Organism And Its Classification
Biodiversity
• The diversity of organisms on Earth.
Cover all land and sea life, flora or fauna.

• Living things is known as an organisms.

• There are 10 to 100 million organisms on earth.

• Due to various climate and habitat types.

Habitat Biodiversity

Lake/ Pond Fish, Ameba, Prawn

Soil Earth worm, Ant, Scorpion

Desert Camel, Cactus

forest Tiger, Monkey, Rafflesia

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Cikgu Yusand
Translated 2018
modified by : Cikgu
– Sains KSSM Hamidah
Tingkatan 2
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

As a recreational
As a
Source of place
source of
food
medicine

The
importance of
biodiversity
Maintaining
the balance of Research and
nature
education

Industrial
raw 4
material
Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®
Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity
Classification of Organisms

EFFECTIVE BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT


Maintaining Biodiversity

Banning the killings or Conserving life with breeding


Carry out environmental
trafficking of endemic and programs such as seedling
education and awareness
threatened animals or plants nursery or turtle hatchery

Protect habitats in the form of


national and state parks,
Enforcement of law wildlife reserves, wildlife
sanctuaries and marine parks.

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

1.2 Classification
of organisms

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity
Classification of Organisms

Organisms

Animals Plants

Vertebrates Invertebrates
Flowering Non-flowering

Fish With legs Without Monocotyledon


Legs Has
Seedless
seed
Amfibians Segmented
bodies Without Dicotyledon
Segmented
Reptiles bodies Conifer Moss

Birds
Algae
Mammals

Fern

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Clasification of
Animals

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Classification of Animals

VERTEBRATES DAN INVERTEBRATES


• Vertebrates - animals
with a backbone.
• Invertebrates - animals
without a backbone.
►Invertebrates are the largest
number of animals on Earth and
mostly insects.

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Invertebrates

10

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Invertebrates
• Invertebrate is an animal without backbone.
• Some of them live in water and some live on land.
• Some invertebrates have many legs and some are
without legs.
• example, Earthworm, Leech , Fly, Grasshooper,
Cockroach and snail.

11

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Invertebrates

hermit
crab
snail
prawn jellyfish
squid fly

Earthworm
cockroach starfish 12
spider
Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®
Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Topik 3 Biodiversiti
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity
Classification of Organism

Invertebrates with jointed legs


Invertebrates
more
3 pairs of 4 pairs of than 4
legs legs pairs of
legs
Centipede
Fly, Scorpion,
Example Prawn,
Beetle, Spider
Crab

Invertebrates without jointed legs

Worm-like Non Worm-like

Earthworm, Tape Star fish, Snail,


Example
worm Jellyfish

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Cikgu Yus
Translated and2018 – Sains
modified KSSM
by : Cikgu Tingkatan 2
Hamidah Disediakan oleh: Cikgu Yus ®
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Invertebrates with jointed legs

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Invertebrates without jointed legs

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu
Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Vertebrates

20

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Vertebrates
• Animals with a backbone and skull that
protects the brain.
• Vertebrates can be classified into 5
groups, 3 of them are cold-blooded and 2
warm-blooded.
• Cold-blooded animals (Poikilotermic) can
change their body temperatures based on
the environment.
• Warm-blooded animals (Homoiothermic)
have fixed body temperatures

21

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Classification of Animals

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu
Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

1. Mammals

23

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu
Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

24

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Unusual characteristics of some mammals


❏Bat – has wings and can fly like birds
❏Whale and dolphin – live in the water like
fish
❏Anteaters - lay eggs, have dry scales on their
bodies like reptiles
❏Platypus - lay eggs and have beaks like
ducks
❏Porcupines - the body is covered with spines
for protection

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Mammals animals

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Anteaters

Porcupine

Platypus

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ® Bat 27


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

2. Birds

28

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity
Vertebrates group Characteristics
Birds ❏ Habitat: Live on land
❏ Types of blood : Warm-blooded
Ostriches ❏ Characteristic of body : covered
with feather, have beaks, legs
covered with dry scaled and
have wings
Red tailed tropic ❏ Breathing : Lungs
❏ Method of reproduction : Lay
eggs and eggs have shell
❏ Type of fertilisation : internal
fertilisation
Example : bird, chicken and
Otriches

Penguins

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

3. Fish

30

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Vertebrates group Characteristics


Birds ❏ Habitat: Live on land
❏ Types of blood : Warm-blooded
❏ Characteristic of body : covered with
Ostriches
feather, have beaks, legs covered with
dry scaled and have wings
❏ Breathing : Lungs
❏ Method of reproduction : Lay eggs and
Red tailed tropic eggs have shell
❏ Type of fertilisation : internal
fertilisation
Example : bird, chicken and Otriches

Penguins
Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®
Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity
Vertebrates group Characteristics

Fish ❏ Habitat: Live in water


Eel Sea horse ❏ Types of blood : Cold-blooded
❏ Characteristic of body : covered
with slimmy scales
❏ Breathing : gills
❏ Method of reproduction : Lay
eggs
tuna ❏ Type of fertilisation : external
fertilisation
Dorsal ❏ Example : Eel and Fish
fins gill
Tail

Anal fin fins


32
Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®
Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

4. Amphibians

33

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Vertebrates group Characteristics

Amphibians
Toad ❏ Habitat: Live in water and on
land
❏ Types of blood : Cold-blooded
❏ Characteristic of body : covered
Frog by moist skin
❏ Breathing : gills (tadpole stage),
lungs (adult stage), moist skin
(adult stage)
❏ Method of reproduction : Lay
eggs
Salamander ❏ Type of fertilisation : external
fertilisation
❏ Example : Toad, frog
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

5. Reptiles

35

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Vertebrates group Characteristics


Reptiles ❏ Habitat: Live in water an on land
❏ Types of blood : Cold-blooded
Crocodile
❏ Characteristic of body : covered
with dry scales
❏ Breathing : lungs
Tortoise
❏ Method of reproduction : Lay
eggs
❏ Type of fertilisation : internal
Snake fertilisation
❏ Example : Snake, Crocodile,
Salamander

Lizard
Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®
Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

37

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Classification
of Plants
39

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

PLANTS

NON-FLOWERING PLANTS FLOWERING PLANTS

Ferns
MOSS
Monocotyledon
MONOCOTYLEDON Dicotyledon
DICOTYLEDON
Connifer
FERN Mosses
CONIFER

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Non-flowering Plants
●Non-flowering plants can be
classified into 3 groups.
○ Moss
○ Fern
○ Cornifer
●Non-flowering plants do not
produce flowers and fruits.
●This plant reproduces
through spores, binary
fission or seeds

41

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Non-flowering Plants

42

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Characteristics of non-flowering plants.


Non-flowering Characteristics
plants
Habitat Chlorophyll Nutrition Reproduction Type of stem,
leaves and
root

Fern Live in damp Present Make its own Reproduce by Have real
and shady food spores stem, leaves
places and roots

Moss Lives in damp Present Make its own Reproduce by Have real
places food spores stem, leaves
but does not
have real
roots

Conifer Lives in dry Present Make its own Reproduce by Have real
cool places food seed in cones stem, leaves
and roots

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
48
Classification of flowering
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

plants
❏ Flowers are produced for
reproduction.
❏ They reproduce by seeds
❏ They have true stem, roots and
leaves.
❏ They can be divided into –
monocotyledons dan dicotyledons.

49

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Monocotyledons Different Dicotyledons
Has one cotyledons only Seed Has two cotyledons

Fibrous root Root Tap root

With parallel veins Leave With network-like veins

Has non-woody stem Stem Has woody stem

50

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Examples : Monocotyledons

Pineapple Plants Orchid Plants

51

Paddy Plants Maize Plants


Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®
Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Examples : Dicotyledons

Pineapple
Water Plants
lily Plants OrchidPlants
Hibiscus Plants

52
Daisy Plants Rambutan Tree
Paddy Plants Maize Plants
Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®
Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

DICHOTOMOUS KEY
The method that use to indentify and classify organisms according to their
similarities and differences for the systematic study of biodiversity

53
Examples of Dichotomous Key Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

(Animals)

54
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

EXERCISE 1

55
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

EXERCISE 1
1 a. Backbone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . go to 2
b. No backbone . . . . . . …..
go to 5

2 a. Wings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . bat
b. No wings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . go to 3
3 a. Legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . go to 4
b. No legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . snake
4 a. Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tortoise
b. No shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lizard
5 a. Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ant
b. No antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . spider 56
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

EXERCISE 1
Step 1 a. Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . go to 2
b. No scales . . . . . . . . . . go to 4

Step 2 a. Legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . go to 3
b. No legs . . . . . . . . . . . . snake

Step 3 a. Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tortoise


b. No shell . . . . . . . . . . . . lizard

Step 4 a. Backbone . . . . . . . . . . bat


b. No backbone . . . . . . . go to 5

Step 5 a. 8 legs . . . . . . . . . . . . . spider


b. 6 legs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ant 57
Examples of Dichotomous Key Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

(Plants)

58
Chapter 1 : Biodiversity

Complete
Text Book Page 17 -19 it!!!

Sumative
Exercises 1 59

Prepared by: Cikgu Yus ®


Translated and modified by : Cikgu Hamidah

You might also like