PLANNING OF THE CITY Unlike Dausa and Amber, the two previous capital cities of the Dhoondhar region established on hill- top, whose planning was guided by topographical structure of the areas, Jaipur city was revolutionary both in terms of its grid-iran pattern planning and its location at the base of the hills. There was also a significant economic shift fram an agricultural base in Dausa and Amber to trading in the capital of Jaipur The layout of the city of Jaipur wonderfully links the concept of a Shastric city with the practicalities of the chosen s First, the straight line of the ridge suggested itself as the route for one of the main east-west thorough fares and building a road along its crest makes best possible use of the topography for the purpose of drainage. What followed then was to regularize the Amber- Sanganer road as a north-south route at right angles toit. The point of intersection would be one of the city’s suacvani/ae oe main cross-roads (chaupar) comsitey dela exes The intersection of the axes to define the Badi Chaupar (City Square).> Aroad cutting the plain from N to S linking ‘Amber,the capital to Sanganer, the principal trading town. This road had to be preserved and controlled and therefore had to fall within the city’s boundaries Vv ‘Asecond road ran Eto W between the Mughal cities of Agra and Ajmer and placing the new city on this already established communication line would help secure its economic success. However since this was an imperial road that could not be encroached ‘on, thus the city had to be contained to the north of this line. Also, a natural ridge runs across the plain, N of the road and parallel tot, ina roughly EW alignment (with a slight deviation of15 deg. from the cardinal axes). The area to its $ is flat while that to its N slopes down gently. In Shastric terms, this is an ideal arrangement as declivity towards the north-east Is considered the best site. In practical terms, the ridge too had to be accommodated Scurceshttp: mw archinamy compte) delat feyfone studies /201 Yt 2 og Ends of the roads marked by Gates in the City WallCONCEPTUAL PRASTARA PLAN I Mita dfmarchinamy come del nt encase studes/ D1 Veancepta aentare pin? ing > Itis a model of town planning the first planned city in India. It is based on Hindu systems of town planning and followed the principles prescribed in the Shilpa-shastra, an ancient Indian treatise on architecture .according to San assu eee this shastra the site should be divided into grids or mandalas ranging from 2x 2 to10x 10. ® Planned according to the Prastara type of layout, which gives prominence to the cardinal directions. > Thus plan of jaipur is a grid of 3x3 with gridlines being the city’s main streets. (yan ls I Vaastu purusha mandala PALACE. EES SRTILEMENTv ww The central axis of the town was laid from East to West between the gates of the Sun(Suraj pol) and the moon(Chandpol) This was crossed by two roads at right angles dividing the town into nine almost square, almost equally sized blocks, which were further sub divided by lanes and alleys all at right angles. By building the western boundary of the city right up to the hill’s southern apex, it provided a continuous line of defense. ‘The mandala could not be complete in the NW due to the presence of the hills. On the other hand in the SE an extra square has been added that plugged the gap between the city and the eastern hills.® South of the main road were four almost equal rectangles. The rectangle oppasite the palace has been broken up into ‘two equal and smaller rectangles by the Chaura Rasta.Thus altogether there are now five rectangles on the ‘south of the main road called ‘Chowkris. ® On the North of the main road from West to East are the Purani Basti, the Palace and Ramchandraji The principal bazaar leads from ‘the western gate in the city wall, The Chandpole, passing in front of the Tripolia Gate, to the eastem city gate, the Surajpole. v- PHYSICAL PLANNING RESIDENTIAL NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING CONCEPT WAS MOHALLA HICH ACT AS MODULE FOR URBAN, OWH. SAFE. SECURE. LIVING: ENVIRONMENT IS CREATED WHERE INDIVIDUALS HAVE THEIR OWN HORIZON TO FLOURISH AND GROW. FOLLOWING MAJOR TORS ARE ALSO CONSIDERED. > 1, CONTOUR AND TOPOGRAPHY > 4, HYDOLOGY AND SOIL > 5. CONTEXT i SUN PATH . WIND DIRECTION GIVEN UTMOST IMPORTANCE. i SUN PATHThe palace building covered two blocks, the town six andthe remaining ninth block was not usable on account of steep hills. So this North-West ward was transferred to the South-East corner of the city, making the shape of the plan asa whole asymmetrical rather than square. The city’s division into nine wards was also in conformity with the Hindu caste system, which necessitated the segregation of people belonging to different com munities and ranks. Even the lanes were named after the occupations of inhabitants such as Maniharon ka Rasta, Thatheron ka Rasta & many others. Following the directions of the Hindu Shilpa shastra, width of the main streets & other lanes were fixed. Thus the main streets of the city were 111ft. wide, secondary streets 55 ft. wide & the smaller ones 27{t. wide. re — Sources hip {/sm archi come se Srl cases ten/201 Y mamonny WsARCHITECTURE OF JAIPUR HAWA MAHAL + The main architect of this palace built of red and pink sandstone, is Lal Chand Ustad and the palace is believed to have been constructed in the form of the crown of Krishna, the Hindu god. Considered as an embodiment of Rajputana architecture, the main highlight of Hawa Mahal is its pyramid shape and its 953 windows or '‘Jharokhas' which are decorated with intricate designs. + The main intention behind the construction of the Mahal was to facilitate the royal women and provide them a view of everyday life through the windows, as they never appeared in public.Architecture + Hawa Mahal, designed as a beehive castle with small windows, has a height of 50 feet from its base. * This structure, erected on a thin shield or podium approximately fifty feet high, has walls less than a foot thick. * Constructed of red and pink sandstones by Lal Chand Ustad, + Hawa Mahal is famous for its windows or 'Jharokhas' which enable free circulation of air within the structure. - ‘Sours-Mta// ndsnaagests Bese eom/201Y08,, ‘Soure bite adactrnaithan comfy Nowe mahal gf?vaGe ena a ‘aman pios8¥ 301 YOH/aacimas- 00250 eg Jharokas+ Its entrance is a door which leads to a spacious courtyard surrounded by two-storey buildings on three sides. Of the five storeys of the Mahal, the top three storeys have the thickness of a single room while the bottom storeys have courtyards. : (2 Sauree: hit//ara asinine cern ‘apt /201 |i 7 ur rw roa 303/03/1.119 1 43029305 View Of the City From Hawa Mahal ‘Sour: http fara artmuances caw log wp-uploseh/201 1a 07 jsipur-novea/2010/03/1 11211-45052 jpg, Courtyard * The interior of the Hawa Mahal is stark and plain with passages and pillars reaching to the top storey. The building does not have stairs to reach the upper floors; the storeys are connected by slopes. From Hawa Mahal, you have an excellent view of the city.Amer fort Architectural Layout The structure has four different parts, each with a separate entrance. The main entry to the fort is through the ‘Suraj Pol’ or Sun Gate which opens up into the main courtyard. This east-facing gate is also the main entrance to the palace and its position with respect to the rising sun is the source of its name. The ‘Jaleb Chowk’ is one of the four courtyards of the Amer Palace. The ‘Sila Devi’ Temple is right at the entrance to the main palace grounds. The second courtyard is famous for its 'Diwan-i-Aam' (Public Audience Hall), the ‘Sheesh Mahal’ and the ‘Sukh Mahal’. A very famous attraction here is the 'Magic Flower’, a fresco carved out of marble. Courtyard Pe, bite rea anthegstoun. com rancor Thetenberfatlaspar A nn6c1947772710_crop_504, 259 017 comercenter ire.“Diwan-i-Aam' (Public Audience Hall) It has forty pillars and is a best example of intricate craftsmanship. The wide assembly hall measures 201’ by 67’ and has flat roof with two gateways of arched red sandstone to the north and south. The hall is divided in three parts and has nine bold arches. This is built in red sandstone and is plastered with white shell plaster which looks like white marble. There is also a raised rectangular stage from where the emperor used to address the audience.