Model of Communication

By David Berlo and Wendell

Johnsons

Communication Theory
Junora Maharjan
BMS II Year III Semester
David K. Berlo’s Model Of
Communication Focuses on four
element, namely: the Source (S), the
Message (M), the Channel (C), and
the Receiver (R). Under each of these
are different factor that affect the
communication process.

This model is an example of a linear

model of communication.
The S-M-C-R Model of Communication
 The Sender (S)
The sender is the initiator and
encoder of the message.

 The conversation or message relies

heavily on the effectiveness of the
sender, as well as the receiver, of the
information and the ability to remove
noise or any barrier that can get in the
way of how the message is interpreted.
 The Message (M)
•The message consists of the verbal and
nonverbal components of language that is sent by
the sender to the receiver.

• The code of the message may be language,

content of a broadcast or a statement released by
a public agency.

•A verbal message is an exchange using words.

• A nonverbal message is communicated through

actions or behaviours instead of words, e.g. by the
use of body language.
 The Channel (C)
oThe medium through which the message
travels. If it the mode of coding and decoding
the message.
o
oIn personal communication the five senses
seeing, hearing, touching, smelling and tasting
are used as channels of communication.

o On an other level, the channel can be face-

to-face, telephone or email in the case of a
verbal message or body language in the case
of nonverbal message.
 The Receiver (R)
The receiver and decoder of the
message.

 This person is at the other end of the

communication.

 They may be actively seeking to receiver

the message or be surprised by it.

 By decoding the message they will

create their own meaning.
 Criticism
 It is a linear model of communication. So it does
not give credits to the feed back.

 Needs people to be on the same level for

communication to occur but not true in real life.

 It does not mention communication interference or

‘noise’.

 It does not incluce barrier in communication.

Wendell Johnson
Wendell Johnson (April
16, 1906 – August 29,
1965) was an American
psychologist, , actor and
author and was a
proponent of general
semantics or (GS).
 Wendell Johnsons proposed one of the
most insightful model in 1951.

 It is a simple model explaining the complex

process of communication.
Communication Model
 5 stages of communication
Stage 1 : communication event

Stage 2: receivers stimulated ( s/he perceives it

through their own experience)

Stage 3: certain bodily changes ( muscular tension)

Stage 4: Stage three is translated into words

Stage 5: Certain one are selected and arranged into

pattern
Reference

https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/berlo-model-
communication

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender-Message-Channel-
Receiver_Model_of_Communication

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_Johnson