MIS

Building the IS
 Two types of Organizations

Solution Providers

Solution Seekers /
Clients / Customers
 System Acquisition Strategies

 Develop Custom Application In-house

 Buying Packaged System and Customize it

 Rely on a external resource to build the

system.
Sources of Application Software

Cloud computing

Firm

Managed Service Providers

 Who develops the IS?
 In-house applications
 Software packages
 Outsourced Custom solutions
 Application Service provider (a type of SaaS)

Do not consider implementation options till

the company has a clear set of goals and
objectives for it business needs.
 Selecting a Acquisition
Strategy
Action When to use Custom When to use When to
Factors Development Packaged Outsource
Business Need Unique Common Not core to
business

In-house Functional & Technical Functional None exists

experience exists exists

Project Skills Desire to build in-house Skills are not Desire to outsource
skills strategic is strategic

Project Mgmt. Expert PM and proven Good PM with PM at the level of

methodology vendor organization
coordination matching scope of
outsourcing
Time Frame Flexible Short Short / Flexible
 Packaged Software Producers

 Microsoft is the leader in prepackaged

software production.

 Prepackaged software is off-the-shelf

software.

 Often, prepackaged software is turnkey

software
(i.e. not customizable).
 Custom Software Producers

 Firms like Infosys, Cognizant, TCS,

WIPRO, Accenture, IBM etc are leading
custom software producers.

 Consulting firms develop software to meet

the client’s specific requirements.

 Consulting firms are usually called when

the client company does not have in-house
expertise or manpower available to develop
the system.
 Enterprise Solutions Software

 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

systems that integrate individual traditional
business functions into modules enabling
a single seamless transaction to cut
across functional boundaries.

 SAP is the leading vendor of ERP

systems.
 Application Service Providers

 ASP: an organization that hosts and runs

computer applications for other companies,
typically on a per-use or license basis

 Business Growth limits the use of application

through ASPs.

 Brought in MSPs – Managed Service

Providers
 In-House Development

 If sufficient system development expertise

with the chosen platform exists in-house,
then some or all of the system can be
developed by the organization’s own staff.

 Often, there are a variety of sources used,

with in-house staff playing a role as well as
consultants or ERP vendors.
 Criteria for Choosing Off-the-
Shelf Software
 Cost
 Functionality
 Vendor support
 Viability of vendor
 Flexibility
 Documentation
 Response time
 Ease of installation
 What is a system?
 A system is a group of interacting,
interrelated, and interdependent components
that form a complex and unified whole.
 Has a objective
 Has a boundary
 Has importance
 Has a purpose
 Has a nature (closed/open and probabilistic /
deterministic)
 Analysis and Design of a IS

 Get Business Requirements

 Model / re-Model them to get better control,

better results

 Increase the efficiencies of the business

processes
 Analysis and Design

 Systems analysis and design is a systematic

approach to identifying problems,
opportunities, and objectives; analyzing the
information flows in organizations; and
designing computerized information systems
to solve a problem
 Do it in Groups
Create a quiz paper for MIS / or any other course
(of this term).

 One among the team member is the client /

student / faculty
 Note down the requirements as you go.
 You have only 15 minutes for it.
What is needed for analysis and
Design?
 Who does it?

 Systems / Business Analyst performs

analysis and design based upon:

 Understanding of organization’s objectives,

structure and processes

 Knowledge of how to exploit information

technology for advantage
 Approach to Analysis & Design
 A process used to create an information
system
 Consists of:
 Methodologies
 A sequence of step-by-step approaches that help
develop the information system
 Techniques
 Processes that the analyst follows to ensure thorough,
complete and comprehensive analysis and design
 Tools
 Computer programs and others, that aid in applying
techniques
 Systems Development
Life Cycle (SDLC)
 Traditional methodology for developing,
maintaining, and replacing information systems
 Phases in SDLC:
 Planning
 Analysis
 Design
 Implementation
 Maintenance
 Systems Development
Life Cycle
 Phases are not necessarily sequential

 Each phase has a specific outcome and

deliverable

 Individual companies use customized life cycles

SDLC phases
 SDLC Planning Phase

Identify, prioritize,
and arrange IS
needs
 Phases of the Systems
Development Life Cycle
 Project Identification and Selection
 Two Main Activities
 Identification of need
 Prioritization and translation of need into a development
schedule
 Helps organization to determine whether or not
resources should be dedicated to a project.
 Project Initiation and Planning
 Two Activities
 Formal preliminary investigation of the problem at hand
 Presentation of reasons why system should or should not be
developed by the organization
 Feasibility Study

Cost Benefit
Analysis
SDLC Analysis Phase

Study and
structure system
requirements
 Systems Development Life Cycle
 Analysis
Study of current procedures and information systems
 Determine requirements
 Study current system
 Structure requirements and eliminate redundancies
 Generate alternative solutions
 Compare alternatives
 Recommend best alternative

Learn the who, what, where, when and the why for these
 SDLC Design Phase

Convert
Logical design:
recommended functional features
solution to system described
specifications independently of
computer platform

Physical design:
logical
specifications
transformed to
technology-
specific details
 Systems Development
Life Cycle
 Design
 Logical Design
 Concentrates
on business
aspects of the
system

 Physical
Design
 Technical
specifications
 SDLC Implementation
Phase
Code, test, install,
and support the
information system
 Implementation
 Code & Test
 Hardware and software installation
 Programming
 User Training
 Documentation
 SDLC Maintenance Phase
Systematically
repair and improve
the information
system
 Systems Development
Life Cycle
 Maintenance
 System changed to reflect changing conditions
 System obsolescence