COAL SAMPLING

AND

COAL ANALYSIS
 GENERAL INFORMATION REGARDING COAL
1. Introduction
2. What is coal & Coal contains.
3. Kinds of coal
4. Grades of coal
5. Source of coal (From where we
receive coal)
6. Choice of fuel
7. Consumption of coal & production
of fly & Bottom ash in our plant at
present
 SAMPLE DEFINATION
A sample can be defined as the small representative part
of a bulk

For lab. test for the determination of quality, only few

grams of coal sample is required . But for proper
representation of the bulk , several hundreds Kgs, of coal
sample is to be collected from the whole lot.
Subsequent to the reduction of size and through mixing
of coal
samples are subjected to quantity reduction by alternate
shovel method and/ or conning & quartering at different
stages
 Coal Sampling

1. Coal Sampling from coal wagons

Indian Coal
Imported Coal

2. Coal Sampling from belt

3. Coal Sampling from bowl and

Ball mills
 Coal sampling process
Arrival of coal rake

Placement memo by coal yard

Placement memo copy to lab.

For coal sampling

Sr. Nos. to the same grade of coal wagons

Selection of sample wagons as per random table

Tag labels for sampling bags

Collection of coal samples from the coal wagons

Sealing of coal sample bags

Samples to the sample room at coal room.

 SAMPLE PREPARATION METHOD BY
CONNING & QUARTERING PROCESS

*All samples bags(The gross sample) of same grade coal

of one rake is crushed for 1/2” (12.5 mm. size) by jaw
crusher.
*Crushing coal is mixed by alternative shovel method &
prepared a cone type heap.
*The sample heap is divided into four equal part by
divider.
*Two opposite side coal portion are removed &
remaining part are mixed further.
*The mixing process is called conning & quartering.
*This process is repeated up to approx 20 kgs of sample.
* Sample is crushed for 3.25 mm size.
*Conning & quartering process is further applied &
repeated up to 2.5 kgs.of coal.
* 0.5 kgs. of coal is used for the washing of pulveriser
machine.
* 2.0 kgs. sample is pulverised to 72 mesh size.
* Take two clean plastic bags & put 100 Gms. of 72 mesh
powder in each & stapled it then put this bag in to cloth
lined envelop then close the envelop by gum or fevicol
then labeled & sealed it by AECo & SECL seal.
*One packet marked set-I for laboratory testing.
*Another packet marked set-II for refree testing.
 REDUCTION OF GROSS SAMPLES
ORGINAL ORGINAL ORGINAL
> 5 cm > 5 cm - 5 cm
350 Kgs. 175 Kgs. 75 Kgs.
- 5cm(preferably - 5 cm(Preferably
Mechanicaly) Mechanicaly)
2&4Rejected
1 2 1 -12.5 mm
2
3 3 4
4

-12.5 mm (By jaw-

1 2 crusher) -3.35mm
4 3
-12.5mm
2 & 4 Retained after -3.35 mm
-3.35 mm
careful mixing.conning Retained
Reduced
repeatedly & quartering
1 2 1 2
1 2
4 3 4 3
2 Kg. 4 3 2 Kg.
2 Kg.
212 micron 212 micron
212 micron

250 Grams 250 Grams 250 Grams

 The Indian Standards for Coal
Methods for Sampling of coal I.S. : 436 Part I
1964
Specification for size , Grading of Coal I.S. : 437
General classification of Coal I.S. : 770
Method of test for coal I.S. : 1350 Part I 1984
(Proximate analysis & Total sulphur)
C.V. of Coal I.S. : 1350 part II 1970

Methods of test forCoal Ultimate analysis I.S. :

1351
 COAL ANALYSIS

Proximate Ultimate C . V . Test

By Bomb
analysis analysis Calorimeter
MOISTURES
C%

V . M. % H%

Ash % N%

F.C.% = O%
[100-(M+VM + A)]

M.M. % = Ash *1.1

Gross C.V. from proximate analysis :
= [154*{100-(1.1*A+M)}]-108 Moist.
Gross C.V. from Ultimate analysis :

= 145.44*C+[62028(H - O )] + 40.50 * S
800
 Hygroscope or inherent moisture
The pure coal has a definite capacity for absorbing water . If a
wet coal is dried at atmospheric temp. or if the same coal is
dried in an oven at 100 o C and then allowed to stand at
atmospheric temp. the final moist content will be
approximately same . This value is known moist content of
coal.
This hygroscopic property of coal is known to be full of
fine pores of extremely small dimensions. The space
occupied by the pores in a given coal is expressed as a %
IMPURITIES IN COAL = (M.M.+ Moist.)
Moist :- 5.5 % M.M. = 18.3*1.1 =20.13
Ash :- 18.3 % + 5.5
V.M. :- 29.9 % Total Imp. 25.63
F.C. :- 46.3 % Coaly Matter =100-25.63
100.0 in coal = 74.37
Coaly. M. F.C.
74.37 46.3 } 100 * 46.3 / 74.37 = A
100 () } = 62.26
The pure coal V.M. would be 100 - A = 37.74
 T.M. Conbustible Moisture Ash V.M. F.C. C
% % % % % % %
401 D stn. Coal 10.4 14.3 32.2 43.1 58.4
402 F stn Coal 13.5 6.1 38.2 42.2 60.1
403 Raj. R.O.Coal 6.3 15.0 28.7 50.0 66.3
404 D.H.Coal 6.4 17.9 28.4 47.3 63.3
405 Enviro Coal 15.0 1.2 41.7 42.1 61.8
406 D stn Fily Ash 2.8
407 F stn Fly Ash 5.0
408 D stn Bottom Ash 0.6
409 F stn Bottom Ash 3.8
410 D stn Coal 17.3
411 F Coal 17.7

Ash Fusion
Temp. oC
SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO Mg0
(Under
MRA)

ST HT FT
401 D stn. Coal 1150 1350 1360 57.64 12.91 17.00 4.92 1.77

402 F stn Coal 1130 1210 1230 53.98 19.53 8.86 7.61 2.82

403 Raj. R.O.Coal 1390 > 1400 > 1400 63.24 22.85 5.35 2.24 2.09

404 D.H.Coal 1330 > 1400 > 1400 61.51 23.63 5.00 2.68 2.25

405 Enviro Coal 1080 1100 1110 37.24 18.23 18.86 9.40 1.69
Sample G.CV.
H% N% S% Cl %
No Kcal/Kg
401 3.60 0.80 0.30 0.08 5585

402 4.00 0.60 0.20 0.11 5750

403 3.80 1.40 0.40 0.02 6350

404 3.60 1.40 0.50 0.01 6005

405 4.30 0.50 0.10 0.06 5900

Indeterminned
Sample
SO3 TiO2 P2O5 Mn3O4 &
No
Alkalie
401 1.54 2.5 0.19 0.02 1.51
402 3.22 2.5 0.43 0.04 1.01
403 0.31 2.0 0.17 0.02 1.73
404 0.28 2.5 0.57 0.01 1.57
405 6.84 2.0 0.58 0.04 5.02
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS FROM PROXIMATE

V.M., Ash & Moist. From proximate analysis

Ash , Moist. Free V.M. % = V.M. *100 / 100-(A-M)

(1) H % = V (7.35 - 0.013) (A. , M. free)

V+10
= ,, * 100-(A+M)
100
= “ As Recd `` H %

(2) N % = 2.10 - 0.012V (A , M free)

= ,, * 100-(A+M)
100
=As recd N %

(3) C % = F.C. + 0.9 (V - 14) (A , M. Free)

( A , M. free)
,, * 100 - (A+M)
100
= As Recd C %
(4) O % = [100 - (H+N+C]
 COAL TYPE

COAL

PEAT ANTHRACITE BITUMINIOUS LIGNITE

Coal name as per size

Name Nominal size

R.O.M. 23 to 0 cm.
(Run of mine)

Large coal 15 to 5 cm
(Steam Coal)

Small Coal 5 to 0 cm
(Slak Coal)

Peat Lignite Bitum. Anth

Carbon % 50-55 65-75 76-90 >93
Hydrogen % # 6.2 # 5.5 5.5-6.0 <2.8
Oxygen % # 35 #20 8-18 <3
 COAL GRADES
U.H.V. = 8900-138 (ASH % + MOIST . % )

Grade A :- U.H.V. Exceeding 6200 K.Cal/Kg. Rajnagar

Steam –A
Churcha Steam -A
Grade B :- U.H.V. 5601 - 6200 Rajnagar Slak- B
D.Hill Steam -B
Bhatgaon R.O.M.- B.
West. JKD. Steam- B.
Grade C :- U.H.V. 4941 - 5600 D,Hill Slak- C
New Rajnagar Stm. _C
Kumda R.O.M.- C
West Jkd. Slack - C
Grade D :- U.H.V. 4201 - 4940 New Rajnagar slk D

Grade E :- U.H.V. 3361 - 4200

Grade F :- U,H.V. 2401 - 3360
Grade G :- U.H.V. 1600 - 2400
 Source of coal

C. I. L. (Coal India Limited)

Different Coal Fields

(A subsidiaries of Goal India Ltd.)

S.E.C.L. W.C.L. N.C.L. B.C.C L. C.C.L.

UGM O C M
Name of Area Name of Colliery
BAIKUNTHPUR --Churcha
-- Katora
-- Katkona
-- Jhilimili
CIRIMIRI --Duman Hill
-- Korea
-- Kurasia
-- Chirimiri
-- N.C.P.H.
HASDEO West JKD.
--Rajnagar R.O.
-- Bijuri
-- New Rajnagar O.C.M.

J & K (JAMUNA -- Govinda

& KOTMA) -- Jamuna
-- Kotma
The choice of fuel for any industries or organization for
industrial process is depended upon a number of factors. The
most important are being availability, suitability, safety and
price.
Looking to the availability , coal is more suitable for power
plant . But when we use coal as fuel , there are two type of
problems .
1. Before combustion problems &
2. After combustion problems.
1. In before combustion problem :
(a) Storage problem(Required more space, more land (room)
(b) Unloading problem (When over size coal, big size stone
pieces,lumpy coal and sticky coal from O.C.Mine is coming
that times these over size materials not pass through the
tippler grill & they required break & it takes more times.
(c) Pollution problem : (During the unloading of coal
wagons & during high speed wind , the fine coal particles &
dust flying in the atmosphere&mixed with air.When we
inhaled this polluted air, respiratory problem will occur.
(2) After combustion problems :
When coal burnt in boiler S.P.M. , SO2 ,NOX mix with air
and air becomes polluted
 THE AHMEDABAD ELECRICITY CO. LTD.
PLACEMENT MEMO FOR COAL WAGONS
SHIFT :- ARRIVAL :- RELEASE :- Date :-

Name of Date of Wagon

Coal Grade loading .No. CC Gross Tare Rema
Rajnagar R O STM A 12/06/03 46587 524 23.1
57894 v 526 25.2
109914 578 24.4
108054 582 22.8
110775 v 528 26.3
55396 596 23.3
103526 v 586 23.2
110775 594 21.8
88965 596 22.2
50369 580 23.1
Rajnagar R O STM A 12/06/03 45874 v
36987
105689 v
36985
58974
Rajnagar R O SLK B 12/06/03 45698
36987 v
11897
87965 v
Rajnagar R O SLK B 12/06/03 456522
98725
118987
823765
 RANDOM TABLE

Same Serial Wagon No. Total

Gr. to be sampled sampled
Wagon wagon
1 1 1
2 1 1
3 2 1
4 2 1
5 2,4 2
6 2,4 2
7 2,4 2
8 2,4 2
9 2,6,8 3
10 2,6,8 3
11 2,6,8,11 4
12 2,6,8,11 4
13 2,6,8,12 4
14 2,6,8,12 4
15 2,6,8,12,14 5
16 2,6,8,12,14 5
17 2,6,8,12,14 5
18 2,6,8,12,16,18 6
19 2,6,8,12,16,18 6
20 2,6,8,12,16,18 6
21 2,6,8,12,16,18,21 7
22 2,6,8,12,16,18,21 7
23 2,6,8,12,16,18,22 7
24 2,6,8,12,16,18,22 7
25 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,24 8
26 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,24, 8
27 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,24 8
28 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,24, 8
29 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28 9
30 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28, 9
31 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,31 10
32 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,31 10
33 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32 10
34 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32 10
35 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,34 11
36 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,34 11
37 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,34 11
38 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,34 11
39 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38 12
40 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38 12
41 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,41 13
42 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,41 13
43 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42 13
44 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42 13
45 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42,44 14
46 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42,44 14
47 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42,44 14
48 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42,44 14
49 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42,46,48, 15
50 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42,46,48, 15
51 2,,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42,46,48,51 16
52 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42,46,48,51 16
53 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42,46,48,52 16
54 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42,46,48,52 16
55 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42,46,48,52,54 17
56 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42,46,48,52,54 17
57 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42,46,48,52,54 17
58 2,6,8,12,16,18,22,26,28,32,36,38,42,46,48,52,54 17
Coal sampling process for indian coal (As per
IS: 436 part I

* Rake wise & Grade wise samples are collected

* Separate samples are drawn for each grade of coal in
rake
*A minimum of 25 % of total wagons are selected for
sampling as per random table for each grade of coal in
a rake /consignment . A random table is given in IS 436
part I
* Coal sample collected from the wagon should not be
less than 30 Kgs. per wagon
* Three sampling points located on the same diagonal
line be drawn over top surface of loaded wagon . The
points are selected equidistantly from each other and one
of them located in the center
 For the collection of coal samples dig a symmetrical
holes of 30 cm dia. and at least 30 cm depth by showel
at each sampling point
The top layer of coal upto 10 cm. depth is scrapped and
removed and then 10 kgs of coal from remaining
portion upto 20 cm. depth is taken. The coal thus
collected from each of such holes is filled in a clean
polythilin bag, sealed and tagged. Details of wagon no.
name of colliery, size and grade of coal, date of
sampling etc written on tag.
* All the sample bags brought to coal room & are kept in
joint sample room in safe custody with AECo & SECL
lock &key.

45862
Kumda
12/6/03
(1) TOTAL MOISTURE
(2) AIR DRIED MOISTURE
(3) EQUILIBITED MOIS

T.M. FOR INDIAN COAL(I.S. 1350 Part – I)

(i)Air Drying:- 1.0 Kg.0.5’’ sizecoal Room Tem
24 Hrs.
(II)Oven Drying:-10.0 Grams 2.8mm size 1.5
Hrs. 108 C Temp.
T.M. FOR IMPORTED COAL(ASTM-3302)
(i)Air Drying :- 10.0 Kg. as such size
40 c Temp. 5-6 Hrs
(ii) Air Drying:- 1.0 Kg.4.75mm size coal
Room Temp 24 Hrs.
(III) Ove Dringn:-200 Grams 2.36mm size
1.5 Hrs. 108 C Temp.
AIR DRIED MOIST.
Coal sample (Powder ) Allow to dry
For 24 hrs.

EQUILIBITED MOIS.
Before Moist. Testing First bring the
coal samples at universal cond. i.e.
60 % R.H. & 40 0C Temp