Introduction To Networking: Network Fundamentals - Chapter 1

Introduction to
Networking
Network Fundamentals – Chapter 1
ITE PC v4.0
Chapter 1 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Objectives
 List the advantages of networked computing relative
to standalone computing
 Distinguish between client/server and peer-to-peer
networks
 List elements common to all client/server networks
 Describe several specific uses for a network
 Identify some of the certifications available to
networking professionals
 Identify the kinds of nontechnical, or “soft,” skills that
will help you succeed as a networking professional
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Why Use Networks?
 Network: group of computers and other devices that are
connected by some type of transmission media
 Advantages of using networks over standalone
computers:
• Networks enable multiple users to share the network’s
resources (devices and data)
• Networks allow you to manage, or administer, resources on
multiple computers from a central location
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Networking and Its Benefits
 Describe the benefits of computer networking and list
examples of small, medium and large networks
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 Define the components of an Information network
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Types of Networks:
Peer-to-peer Networks
 Every computer can communicate directly with every other
computer
 By default, no computer has more authority than another
 Every computer is capable of sending and receiving information to
and from every other computer
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 Build computer peer-to-peer network and verify
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Network Topologies
 Differentiate between logical and physical topologies,
and explain how networks are represented graphically
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Client/Server Networks
 Server: central computer used to facilitate
communication and resource sharing between other
computers on the network (called clients)
 Client/server network: uses a server to enable clients to
share data, data storage space, and devices
 To function as a server, a computer must be running a
network operating system (NOS)
 Most of the concepts on the Network+ exam pertain to
client/server networks
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Client/Server Networks (continued)
Figure 1-2: Resource sharing on a client/server network

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Client/Server Networks (continued)
 Advantages of using client/server networks over peer-
to-peer networks:
a. User logon accounts and passwords can be assigned in one place
b. Access to multiple shared resources can be centrally granted to a single
user or groups of users
c. Problems can be tracked, diagnosed, and often fixed from one location
d. Servers are optimized to handle heavy processing loads and dedicated to
handling requests from clients, enabling faster response time
e. Because of their efficient processing and larger disk storage, servers can
connect more than a handful of computers on a network
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Communication Protocols
 Explain standard message patterns in relation to
human communication
Unicast
Multicast
Broadcast
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Communication Across a Local Ethernet
Network
 Describe the need for a hierarchical design in an
Ethernet Network
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Network Types
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LANs
 A local area network (LAN) is a collection of computers
located in a relatively small area and connected by a
common medium.
 Local area network (LAN): confine to a relatively small
space, such as a building or an office
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MANs, and WANs
 Metropolitan area network (MAN): larger than a LAN;
connects clients and servers from multiple buildings
 Wide area network (WAN): connects two or more
geographically distinct LANs or MANs
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Network Types
Define the Internet
The internet is defined as a
global mesh of interconnected networks
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Elements Common to Client/Server Networks
 Client  Backbone
 Server  Topology
 Workstation  Protocol
 Network interface card  Data packets
(NIC)
 Addressing
 NOS
 Transmission media
 Host
 Node
 Connectivity device
 Segment
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Figure 1-5: A NIC
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Figure 1-6: A LAN backbone
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Figure 1-7: Common network topologies
Star Topology Ring Topology
Bus Topology
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Figure 1-7: Common network topologies
Mesh LAN Topology
Hierarchical Star Topology
Mesh Internetwork
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Figure 1-8: Examples of network transmission media
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Summary
 A network is a group of computers and other devices

that are connected by some type of transmission media
 In a peer-to-peer network, every computer can
communicate directly with every other computer
 A client/server network uses a server to enable clients
to share data, data storage space, and devices
 A LAN is confined to a relatively small space, such as a
building or office
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Summary
 A MAN is larger than a LAN and connects clients and

servers from multiple buildings
 A WAN connects two or more geographically distinct
LANs or MANs
 Elements common to client/server networks: client,
server, workstation, NIC, NOS, host, node, connectivity
device, segment, backbone, topology, protocol, data
packets, addressing, and transmission media
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Summary
 Network services include file, print, communications,

mail, Internet, and management services
 Certification is the process of mastering material
pertaining to a particular hardware system, OS,
programming language, or other software application
and then proving your mastery by passing a series of
exams
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Introduction to

Network Fundamentals – Chapter 1

Figure 1-2: Resource sharing on a client/server network

 A network is a group of computers and other devices

 A MAN is larger than a LAN and connects clients and

 Network services include file, print, communications,

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