Neutralisation

Reaction between
acid and alkali to
produce salt and
water
 Acid + base → salt + water

• HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

1. HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O

2. H2SO4+ Ba(OH)2 → BaSO4 + H2O
3. CH3COOH + KOH → + H2O
4. H 3HPO
3PO
4 (aq)
4 + NH3 → (NH4)3 PO4
Note : By writing the neutralisation equation involving
ammonia, do not show the formation of water
 Neutralization
in our daily lives

agriculture Health

industries
 Acid-base
titration
An acid of KNOWN concentration is
delivered from a burette

to
completely neutralise a KNOWN
volume of an alkali in a conical
flask
 • Acid-base indicator
is used to :
– Detect the end
acid point of the
titration
(will change
colour)

• This is called end-

alkali point

Note : It could be base in the burette and

acid in the conical flask as well
Correct way of reading burette (MUST 2
(1) decimal places)
(2)

1.40 mL
•Page 52-54
•Page 70 no 4
•Page 133
 Page 52-54
1(a)(i) propanone // methylbenzene //
tetrachloromethane

(ii) water
(b)(i) molecule
(ii) ion
(c ) 1. no observable change in beaker A but
colourless gas bubbles is released in beaker B
2. hydrogen chloride in beaker A does not
ionize.no H+ ion present. Hydrogen chloride in
beaker B ionize to produce H+ ion
• d(i) Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

• Mol HCl = (0.1 x 50 )/1000 = 0.005 mol

from equation, 2 mol HCl -> 1 mol Mg
0.005 mol HCl -> 0.0025 mol Mg

mass Mg = 0.0025 x 24 = 0.06 g

2(a)(i) substance that ionize in water to produce
hydrogen ions
(ii) 3
(iii) concentration of hydrogen ion in set II is lower than
set I
the lower the concentration of H+ ion, the higher the
pH value.
(iv) Ethanoic acid is a weak acid while hydrochloric acid is
strong acid.
Ethanoic acid ionises partially in water to produce lower
concentration H+ ion while hydrochloric acid ionises
completely in water to produce higher concentration
H+ ion.
The lower the concentration of H+ ion, the higher the pH
value
pH = - log (concentration H+ ion)
• The pH value of sodium
hydroxide solution in
volumetric flask B is lower
than A
• Concentration of hydroxide ion
in volumetric flask B is lower
than A
Mol = mass / molar mass

Mcm mana nak cari mol?

Guna mol = MV/1000 = 0.005
mol

Jawapan = 0.2 g
• Temperature in refrigerator is
lower than in cabinet
• The activity of microorganism
(bacteria) in refrigerator is lower
than in refrigerator
• The amount of toxin produced in
the refrigerator is less than in the
kitchen cabinet