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    This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 1 of the Atkins textbook on gases, including: 1) The ideal gas equation, van der Waals equation, Boyle's law, pressure-temperature law, manometers, Dalton's law of partial pressures, mole fractions, average molar mass, compression factor, and the kinetic molecular theory. 2) It provides sample problems and equations for calculating gas properties like minimum balloon radius, atmospheric pressure with elevation, critical points, second virial coefficients, and Graham's law of diffusion. 3) Key terms are defined, like Boyle temperature, isotherms, corresponding states, and the virial equation of state. Sample problems are presented throughout to illustrate applications of

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    Ideal gas

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    This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 1 of the Atkins textbook on gases, including: 1) The ideal gas equation, van der Waals equation, Boyle's law, pressure-temperature law, manometers, Dalton's law of partial pressures, mole fractions, average molar mass, compression factor, and the kinetic molecular theory. 2) It provides sample problems and equations for calculating gas properties like minimum balloon radius, atmospheric pressure with elevation, critical points, second virial coefficients, and Graham's law of diffusion. 3) Key terms are defined, like Boyle temperature, isotherms, corresponding states, and the virial equation of state. Sample problems are presented throughout to illustrate applications of

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    146 views57 pages

    AtKins Chapter 1

    Uploaded by

    Ebook Download
    This document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 1 of the Atkins textbook on gases, including: 1) The ideal gas equation, van der Waals equation, Boyle's law, pressure-temperature law, manometers, Dalton's law of partial pressures, mole fractions, average molar mass, compression factor, and the kinetic molecular theory. 2) It provides sample problems and equations for calculating gas properties like minimum balloon radius, atmospheric pressure with elevation, critical points, second virial coefficients, and Graham's law of diffusion. 3) Key terms are defined, like Boyle temperature, isotherms, corresponding states, and the virial equation of state. Sample problems are presented throughout to illustrate applications of

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 57

    AtKins Chapter 1

    CHM155
    Ideal Gas Equation (IGE)

    PV=nRT
    Atkins 1.4a
    Van Der Waals equation

    𝑅𝑇 𝑎
    𝑃= −
    𝑉𝑚 − 𝑏 𝑉𝑚2
    aTkINS 1.1a
    Problem 1.7
    Quiz 1
    Benzene is a rotten ideal gas. Its van der Waals parameters are a=18.24
    atm.L2/mol2 and b=0.1154 L/mol. Find its molar volume at 100 degrees C at
    1 atm. Express in 3 decimal places. (2 min)
    Boyle’s Law

    PV = K
    Atkins 1.2a
    Atkins 1.5a
    Pressure-temperature Law

    𝑃
    =K
    𝑇
    Atkins 1.3a
    manometer
    Atkins 1.6a
    Atkins Problem 1.1
    Atkins 1.7a
    Density of a gas, ρ

    𝑃𝑀
    ρ=
    𝑅𝑇
    Atkins 1.11a
    Atkins 1.8a
    Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

    𝑃𝑡 = 𝑃𝑎 + 𝑃𝑏 + 𝑃𝑐 …
    Mole fraction, x
    𝑛𝑎
    X𝑎=
    𝑛𝑡
    Mole fraction and partial pressure

    𝑃𝑎
    Xa =
    𝑃𝑡
    Atkins 1.18a
    Average molar mass, Mave

    Mave = MaXa + MbXb


    Average Molar Mass of gases

    • Air is approximately 21 mole % oxygen and 79 mole


    percent nitrogen. What is average molar mass of air?
    Atkins 1.10a
    Atkins 1.12a
    Compression factor, Z

    𝑃𝑉𝑚
    𝑍=
    𝑅𝑇
    If Z= 1 → ideal gas
    If Z>1 → Vm > Vmideal → repulsive forces
    dominate
    Atkins 1.15a
    EUREKA!
    (Balloon Load Calculation)
    𝑊𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 =𝑊𝑎𝑖𝑟 - 𝑊𝑏𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑛

    V of sphere =4/3 П𝑟3


    Seat work

    Calculate the minimum radius of a spherical


    hydrogen toy balloon that would lift a
    “hotwheels” car weighing 100 g.
    10 miles 0.2 atm

    4 miles 0.5 atm

    Sea level 1 atm

    36
    “Barometric formula derived from Boltzmann
    Distribution”
    𝑀𝑔𝑍
    −
    𝑃= 𝑃𝑜 𝑒 𝑅𝑇
    Problem 1.27 Atkins 9th ed.
    Seat work 2

    • Estimate the atmospheric pressure in Baguio city where


    the elevation is 1400 meters above sea level. Assume that
    the atmospheric pressure at sea level is 1.0 atm and the
    temperature is constant at 25⁰C.
    Problem 1.31
    Isotherms
    Critical point and Condensation
    Critical temperature/ saddle point
    Problem 1.17
    PROBLEM 1.21
    Atkins 1.19a
    Atkins 1.22a
    The Corresponding State
    Theory

    𝑃
    𝑃𝑟 =
    𝑃𝑐
    𝑇
    𝑇𝑟 =
    𝑇𝑐
    𝑉𝑚
    𝑉𝑟 =
    𝑉𝑐
    Atkins 1.21a
    Virial Equation of State
    Maclaurin series
    Problem 1.15
    Boyle Temperature, TB
    • Definition: Temperature when B = 0.
    • where B is the second virial coefficient of the virial equation of state.
    • Z is approximately equal to 1, Thus a real gas behave like an ideal gas.
    • Practical Significance: There is a wider range of pressure near Boyle temperature
    that gases behave like an ideal gas.
    • For a van der Waal’s gas
    𝑎 𝑎
    • B = 0 = b - 𝑅𝑇 ; TB = 𝑏𝑅
    𝐵
    Exercise 1.20a
    Graham’s Law of Diffusion

    At constant temperature and pressure the rate of diffusion


    of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its
    molecular/atomic mass.
    Kinetic Molecular Theory

    3𝑅𝑇
    𝑣=
    𝑀
    Old board

    • At what temperature will the velocity of CO2 molecules


    equal the velocity of oxygen molecules at 0⁰C.
    • A. 102⁰C
    • B. 632⁰C
    • C. 132⁰C
    • D. 125⁰C

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