Joint Inversion of PP PS

in the Ray Parameter Domain

Edycakra Immanuel Sinaga
223 15 003
Outline

• Introduction
• Methodology
• PP PS Data Processing
• PP PS Ray-tracing
• Construction of CIP gathers in the ray parameter domain
• Construction of Constant Ray Parameter
• Wavelet Preservation and Registration
• Joint Inversion
• Comparison
• Conclusion
• References
Introduction

• Seismic inversion is a quantitative analysis technique to reveal

subsurface physical properties
• PP data is the most widely used for seismic inversion
• PS data is helpful for gas cloud imaging, and can show different
response to pore fluids
• Joint inversion of PP PS can help in: 1)reducing the inverse
problem and 2)enabling simultaneous inversion for independent
elastic parameters
• Seismic inversion conventionally is based on the incidence angle-
dependent reflection coefficient
• In this thesis, seismic inversion is performed on the constant ray
parameter. Ray-parameter impedance concept is a frequency-
dependent and should be more sensitive to fluid contents
• Theoritically joint inversion on ray impedance can provide a
better reservoir identification and fluid discrimination
When a seismic wave strikes an interface of
two adjacent and different media at normal
incidence, the reflection coefficient is simply
expressed as the acoustic impedance (AI)
contrast between the two media

Compression wave or P-wave may convert to a

shear wave or S-wave as the reflection (in
addition to the reflection of P-wave), and the
transmitted waves propagate along a bent ray
path according to Snell’s law

The ray path is characterized by the ray

parameter p, which is a constant along the
same ray. Seismic Reflection and Transmission
Methodology

PP PS Data Processing
Construction of CIP gathers in
Ray-parameter domain
Joint Inversion of PP PS
(AI-based compared with RI-based)
PP PS Data Processing

• Workflow
PP PS Ray-tracing

• Workflow PP gather PS gather

CIP gather

Map CIP gather from

offset domain to ray domain

Constant ray parameter profile

Wavelet Estimation and Preservation Gabor Transform

Refectivity Inversion

PP Ray-impedance Inversion

PS Ray-impedance Inversion

Simultaneous inversion for Vp, Vs,

and density
Transformation CIP gathers from offset
domain to ray parameter domain.

a) PP gather in offset domain

b) PP gather in ray parameter domain
c) PS gather in offset domain
d) PS gather in ray parameter domain

Constant ray paths are plotted on the

CIP gathers as colored curves
(p=100, 150, 200 , 250 and 300ms/km).
(Zhang, 2010)
Construction of CIP gathers
in the ray parameter domain
- Construction of Constant Ray Parameter

PP gather in a) offset domain and b)

ray parameter domain (with p= 75,
125, 175 and 225, and 275ms/km)
(Zhang, 2010)
Construction of CIP gathers
in the ray parameter domain
- Construction of Constant Ray Parameter

PS gather in a) offset domain and b)

ray parameter domain (with p= 75,
125, 175 and 225, and 275ms/km)
(Zhang, 2010)
Left: PP CRP profile
Right PS CRP profile
(with p= 75, 125, 175
and 225, and
275ms/km)
(Zhang, 2010)
Wavelet Preservation and Registration

• The Gabor transform is performed over the compressed PS-wave trace to

generate a time-frequency spectrum, in order to remove the side-lobe
effect caused by Fourier transform of limited number of samples.
• The frequency spectrum (both amplitude and phase) for each reference
time is modified based on the local wavelet-compression rate.
• Then the wavelet-preserved trace is obtained in the time domain by an
inverse Gabor transform.
• Thereafter, wavelet-preserved PS-wave reflections, presented in PP
time, could be used in a PP- and PS-wave joint inversion.
Joint Inversion
 COMPARISON

[LEFT] Comparison of inverted RI, EI and AI

sections of inline sample
(a - c) Inverted RIs with p=30, 90 and150ms/km.
(d - e) Inverted AI and EI (θ=45)

[ABOVE] Comparison of inverted impedance

traces (blue) with real logs (grey).
Initial model traces plotted with red curves
Conclusion

• This thesis discusses a seismic inversion scheme based on the PP PS data defined
along the wave propagation ray-path
• Ray-parameter domain is not limited to the time domain
• The definition of physical quantity in the ray parameter domain aims to avoid
the assumption of constant angle of incidence
• The derivation of ray impedances is based on the ray parameter domain
reflection
• coefficients. Therefore, compared with the elastic impedances with constant
angle of incidence, ray impedances obey Snell’s law thus have real physical
meanings.
• The dimensional problem of EI is solved by the proposition of RI because the P-
wave to S-wave velocity ratio is no longer assumed to be constant.
References

• Aki, K. and Richards, P. G., 1980, Quantitative seismology: theory

and methods: W.H.Freeman.
• Li, X., Dai, H. and Mancini, F., 2007, Converted-wave imaging in
anisotropic media: theory and case studies
• Zhang, F., 2010, Joint Inversion of Seismic PP and PS Waves in the
Ray Parameter Domain
• Triyoso, W., Oktariena, M., and Sinaga, E., 2016, Full Waveform
Modelling for Subsurface Characterization with Converted-Wave
Seismic Reflection