MEASUREMENT OF

VARIATION
 Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)
It is the average distance between
each set of data value and the
mean.
WHERE:
𝑥 → the class mark per class interval
σ 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥ҧ →𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎
𝑀𝐴𝐷 = N → the total number of
𝑁 elements/frequency
f → the frequency per class interval
 STANDARD DEVIATION
Is another measure that describe how
scattered the data are with respect to
the mean of the given data.
WHERE:
𝑥 → the class mark per class interval
2 𝑥ҧ →𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎
σ 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ N → the total number of
𝜎= elements/frequency
𝑁 f → the frequency per class interval
 VARIANCE
It is similar to standard deviation but
variance is equal to the square of
standard deviation that is why it is
usually denoted as 𝜎 2 .
WHERE:
2 𝑥 → the class mark per class interval
2
σ 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝑥ҧ →𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎
𝜎 = N → the total number of
𝑁 elements/frequency
f → the frequency per class interval
 EXAMPLES
47 65 81 65 68 55 56 69 61 75
71 67 61 87 50 74 49 66 79 89
77 75 79 85 68 90 57 63 54 90
1. Arrange in increasing order
47 49 50 54 55 56 57 61 61 63
65 65 66 67 68 68 69 71 74 75
75 77 79 79 81 85 87 89 90 90
EXAMPLES
47 49 50 54 55 56 57 61 61 63
65 65 66 67 68 68 69 71 74 75
75 77 79 79 81 85 87 89 90 90
CLASS INTERVAL F X FX
47-51 4 49 196 Find the Mean:
52-56 3 54 162
57-61 3 59 177
σ 𝑓𝑥 2031
62-66 4 64 256
𝑥ҧ = = = 𝟔𝟕. 𝟕
67-71 5 69 345 𝑁 30
72-76 3 74 222
77-81 3 79 23
82-86 1 84 84
87-91 4 89 356

N = 30 ෍ 𝒇𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟏
EXAMPLES
47 49 50 54 55 56 57 61 61 63
65 65 66 67 68 68 69 71 74 75
75 77 79 79 81 85 87 89 90 90
CLASS INTERVAL
CLASS INTERVAL FF X
X FX
FX 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
47-51
47-51 44 49
49 196
196 18.7 𝟒𝟗 − 𝟔𝟕. 𝟕
52-56
52-56 33 54
54 162
162 13.7 𝟓𝟒 − 𝟔𝟕. 𝟕
57-61
57-61 33 59
59 177
177 8.7 𝟓𝟗 − 𝟔𝟕. 𝟕
62-66
62-66 44 64
64 256
256 3.7 𝟔𝟒 − 𝟔𝟕. 𝟕
67-71
67-71 55 69
69 345
345
72-76
72-76 33 74
74 222
222
77-81
77-81 33 79
79 23
23
82-86
82-86 11 84
84 84
84
87-91
87-91 44 89
89 356
356

N == 30
N 30 ෍𝒇𝒙
෍ 𝒇𝒙 =
= 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟏
𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟏
EXAMPLES
47 49 50 54 55 56 57 61 61 63
65 65 66 67 68 68 69 71 74 75
75 77 79 79 81 85 87 89 90 90
CLASS
CLASS INTERVAL
INTERVAL FF XX FX
FX 𝑥𝑥 −
−𝑥𝑥ҧ ҧ f 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ
47-51
47-51 44 49
49 196
196 18.7
18.7 74.8 𝟒 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟕)
52-56
52-56 33 54
54 162
162 13.7
13.7 41.1 𝟑 (𝟏𝟑. 𝟕)
57-61
57-61 33 59
59 177
177 8.7
8.7 26.1 𝟑 (𝟖. 𝟕)
62-66
62-66 44 64
64 256
256 3.7
3.7 14.8 𝟒 (𝟑. 𝟕)
67-71
67-71 55 69
69 345
345 1.3
1.3
72-76
72-76 33 74
74 222
222 6.3
6.3
77-81
77-81 33 79
79 23
23 11.3
11.3
82-86
82-86 11 84
84 84
84 16.3
16.3
87-91
87-91 44 89
89 356
356 21.3
21.3

N
N == 30
30 ෍
෍𝒇𝒙
𝒇𝒙 =
= 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟏
𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟏
EXAMPLES
47 49 50 54 55 56 57 61 61 63
65 65 66 67 68 68 69 71 74 75
75 77 79 79 81 85 87 89 90 90
CLASS INTERVAL F X FX 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ f 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ f 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝟐
47-51 4 49 196 18.7 74.8 1398.76 𝟒 (𝟏𝟖. 𝟕)𝟐
52-56 3 54 162 13.7 41.1 563.07 𝟑(𝟏𝟑. 𝟕)𝟐
57-61 3 59 177 8.7 26.1 227.07 𝟑(𝟖. 𝟕)𝟐
62-66 4 64 256 3.7 14.8 54.76 𝟒(𝟑. 𝟕)𝟐 )
67-71 5 69 345 1.3 6.5
72-76 3 74 222 6.3 18.9
77-81 3 79 23 11.3 33.9
3.9
82-86 1 84 84 16.3 16.3
87-91 4 89 356 21.3 85.2

N = 30 ෍ 𝒇𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟏 ෍ 𝑓 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ = 317.6
EXAMPLES
47 49 50 54 55 56 57 61 61 63
65 65 66 67 68 68 69 71 74 75
75 77 79 79 81 85 87 89 90 90
CLASS INTERVAL F X FX 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ f 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ f 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝟐f 𝑥 − 𝑥ҧ 𝟐

47-51 4 49 196 18.7 74.8 1398.76

52-56 3 54 162 13.7 41.1 563.07
57-61 3 59 177 8.7 26.1 227.07
62-66 4 64 256 3.7 14.8 54.76
67-71 5 69 345 1.3 6.5 8.45
72-76 3 74 222 6.3 18.9 119.07
77-81 3 79 23 11.3 3.9 383.07
82-86 1 84 84 16.3 16.3 265.69
87-91 4 89 356 21.3 85.2 1814.76

N = 30 ෍ 𝒇𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟏 ෍
෍ 𝒇𝑓 𝒙𝑥 −
−𝒙ഥ𝑥ҧ =
= 𝟑𝟏𝟕.
317.6𝟔 ෍f 𝒙 − 𝒙
ഥ 𝟐
= 𝟒𝟖𝟑𝟒. 𝟕