Lettering

Lettering?
•process by which letters &
numbers are composed for
providing ease & speed in
communicating ideas
•written language of
drafting industry
 Lettering History?
Egyptians

rhhieoglpcisy
 Lettering History?
Egyptians

Hieroglyphics
Lettering History?

npehicioasn
Lettering History?

Phoenicians
Lettering History?

segkre
Lettering History?

Greeks
Lettering History?

omanrs
Lettering History?

Romans
Lettering History?
Hieroglyphics
Phoenicians
Greeks
Romans
Essential parts of a letter
•Stem- horizontal/ vertical
unit
•Swash line- oblique part
•Lobe- curved part
 Styles of letters
•Gothic Styles / San Serif
- uniform width elements
- single-stroke or round
- simple & free from
ornamentation
 Styles of letters
•Roman
- “accented“ strokes/ thick &
thin elements
- Old Roman & Modern
Roman
 Styles of letters
• Text
- Old English texts, Church &
German text
- used in diplomas, certificates,
Bibles, land titles, &
wedding
 Styles of letters
•Italic
- slanted letters used in
headings
- can be Roman or Gothic
 Styles of letters
• Script
- cursive & commonly used in
wedding invitations,
diplomas, certificates &
Christmas cards
 Proportioning Letters
•Spacing between letters is
not equal for all cases.
•Letters with curved sides
should be closer to
adjoining letters.
Proportioning Letters
• Spaces should be
“optically” equal & not by
marking out.
• Space between words=
letter “O”
Proportioning Letters
• Words & sentences are
spaced apart while letters
are spaced closely to
make reading easily.
 Stability?
•balance & good
appearance
Rules to attain stability:
•The upper portion of the
letters B, E, F, H, K, S, X, Z
& figures 2, 3, & 8 must be
reduced slightly to give it
stable & pleasing
appearance.
Rules to attain stability:
•The central horizontal
stroke of letters B, E, F, &
H must be drawn slightly
above the vertical center.
 Guide lines are
important due to:
•Attain uniform height of
letters using capital line,
waist line, base line, &
drop line
 Ascenders
•lowercase letters that
extend up to the cap lines
 Descenders
•letters that extend down
to the drop lines
 Vertical letters
•constructed with an
inclination of 90˚
 Slant letters
•inclined at approximately
72˚or 1 unit horizontal & 3
units vertical (1:3)
 Lettering Techniques
•Knowledge of the
proportions & forms of the
letters & the order of the
strokes.
 Lettering Techniques
•Knowledge of the rules
governing composition/
spacing of the letters &
words should be mastered.
 Lettering Techniques
•Persistent practice with a
conscious effort to
improve.