DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING-SREC

EFFECT OF CALCITE INDUCTION ON

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

MLV PRASAD
 OUTLINE
• Objective of the Project
• Introduction
• Materials Used
• Experimental Programme
• Concrete Mix Design
• Casting & Testing of Specimens
• Results
• Conclusion
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

• To Develop the compressive strength of

concrete.
• To Improve Self Healing capacity of in-situ
concrete.
• To increase the Workability of concrete.
• To decrease the Voids present in Concrete.
• To get the comparison b/w Normal and Calcite
induction Concrete.
 Bacterial Concrete
 Calcite
 Calcite Induction Concrete
MATERIALS
 Cement
 Aggregates
 Coarse Aggregate
 Fine Aggregate

 Water
 Calcite
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME
 Physical Properties of Materials
 Concrete Mix
 Concrete Mix Design
 Casting of Specimens
 Testing of Specimens
 Physical Properties of Materials
OPC-43 Grade, Setting time, Soundness,
Cement
Compressive Strength

Coarse Specific Gravity:2.61, Maximum Size:20mm, Fineness

Aggregate
Modulus:6.8

Fine Specific Gravity:2.56, Type : Zone-II,

Aggregate
Fineness Modulus:2.15

Calcite
Molecular weight:100.09, Assay:98.5%, Iron-0.02%,
Arsenic:0.004%,Chloride:0.03%, Sulphate:0.25%
 Concrete Mixing
• It is used for small scale works.
Hand • Calcite & Cement is mixed
thoroughly to attain uniformity.
Mixing
• It Is useful for Reinforced & Experimental
Machine works.
• Calcite & Cement is mixed thoroughly to
Mixing attain uniformity.
 Casting of Specimens
• 150x150x150mm Standard cube moulds.
• Vibrator is used for Compaction.
• Curing should be done after 24hours from the
time of casting.
• Curing of specimens should be continued till
28th day reached from the day of casting.

150x150x
150 mm
Mould
 Testing of Specimens
• Non-destructive Testing Analysis
– Rebound (Schmidt’s) hammer test(RH)
– Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test(USPV)
• Destructive Testing Analysis
– Compression Testing Machine(CTM)
 Testing Equipments

Rebound (Schmidt’s) Hammer Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test setup

Compression Testing Machine

 Concrete Mix Designation
• Plain concrete (with out calcite)- PC
• Concrete with finite amount of calcite (Calcite
Induction Concrete) – CIC
– Concrete with 5% calcite – (CIC-5)
– Concrete with 10% calcite – (CIC-10)
– Concrete with 15% calcite – (CIC-15)
– Concrete with 20% calcite – (CIC-20)

concrete
 Compressive Strength From Rebound Hammer Values

Curing Period(Days)
SL.No
CaCO3
(%) 3 7 14 21 28

1 0 17.66 18.66 24.66 26.33 29.33

2 5 16.66 17.66 22.66 22.33 26.00

3 10 17.33 19.50 26.00 26.33 30.00

4 15 17.33 20.50 24.66 28.33 27.66

5 20 16.33 18.66 23.33 24.33 24.66

 Compressive Strength From USPV Values

SL. CaCO3 Curing Period(Days)

No (%)
3 7 14 21 28
1 0 2.406 2.557 2.586 2.561 3.814

2 5 2.410 2.486 2.420 2.499 3.783

3 10 2.380 2.446 2.472 2.432 3.852

4 15 2.406 2.445 2.395 2.448 3.847

5 20 2.295 2.393 2.383 2.343 3.630

Final Compressive strength of Specimens at
28th day of curing

Compressive
SL. No Specimens
Strength (MPa)
1 PC(0%-CaCO3) 21.20
2 CIC-5(5%-CaCO3) 14.90
3 CIC-10(10%-CaCO3) 22.98
4 CIC-15(15%-CaCO3) 22.47
5 CIC-20(20%-CaCO3) 21.52
Graphical Representation of C.S v/s Age of concrete
by R.H test
30 30 10% of Calcite
0% Calcite 25
28
26 5% Calcite 25

Compressive Strength(Mpa)
Compressive Strength(MPa)
24
Compressive Strength(MPa)

20
22
20 20
18 15
16 15
14
12 10
10
10
8
6 5 5
4
2
0 0
0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Age of Concrete (Days) Age of Concrete(Days)
Age of Concrete(Days)

25 20% of Calcite
15% of Calcite
25

Compressive Strength(Mpa)
20
Compressive Strength(Mpa)

20

15

15

10
10

5
5

0 0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Age of Concrete(Days) Age of Concrete(Days)
 OBSERVATIONS FROM GRAPHS(1)

• The usage of CALCITE (CaCO3) have shown

increase in compressive strength of concrete.
• From the Table & Graphs it can be observed that
the maximum compressive strengths of cubes are
obtained with 10% replacement of
cement by calcite.
 OBSERVATIONS FROM GRAPHS(2)

• The compressive strength is suddenly decreases for

5% replacement. After increasing in compressive
strength of concrete by 10% replacement, the
compressive strength slightly decreased for 15%,
20% replacement of cement by calcite.
• The compressive strength of 10&15% replacement
is more than the compressive strength of plain
concrete.
Graphical Representation of C.S v/s Age of concrete
by USPV test
5 5.0
Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity(UPSV) (km/sec)

4.5

Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity(km/sec)

4 0% Clacite 4.0 5% of Clacite
3.5
3 3.0
2.5
2 2.0
1.5
1 1.0
0.5
0 0.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Age of Concrete Age of Concrete(Days)

5 B
5 5.0
15% of calcite 4.5
Ultra Sonic Pulse velocuty(km/sec)

Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity(km/sec)

4 10 % of Calcite
4.0 20% 0f Calcite
Ultra Sonic Pulse Velocity(km/sec)

4
3.5
3 3 3.0
2.5
2 2 2.0
1.5

1 1 1.0
0.5
0 0.0
0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Age of Concrete(Days) Age of Concrete (Days)
Age of Concrete(Days)
• USPVT values observed in Calcite induction
concrete are slightly better compared to plain
cement concrete which may suggest lesser
presence of voids in Calcite induction concrete.
From the Table and graphs.
• It can be observed that the velocity of Calcite
induction concrete is greater than the plain
cement concrete.
• Further, as known USPVT values increased with
time in both Calcite inductions concrete and
plain cement concrete as the hydration process
continues with decreasing the voids.
Compressive Strength of concrete V/s Replacement of calcite
with respect to period of time
7 Days of Curing 26.5
17.8 20.5
26.0 14 Days of Curing
17.6 3 Days of Curing 20.0

Compressive Strength (MPa)

Compressive Strength(Mpa)
25.5
Compressive Strength(Mpa)

17.4
19.5 25.0
17.2
19.0 24.5
17.0
24.0
16.8
18.5
23.5
16.6 18.0
23.0
16.4
17.5 22.5

16.2 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
% Replacement of Calcite
% Replacement of Calcite % Replacement of Calcite

29 28 Days of Curing
21 Days of Curing
30
28
29

Compressive Strength(Mpa)
Compressive Strength(Mpa)

27

26 28

25 27

24 26

23
25
22
24
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
% Replacement of Calcite % Replacement of Calcite
 OBSERVATIONS FROM GRAPHS(1)

• At 3 days of curing the compressive strength

(C.S) of plain cement concrete(P.C) is greater
than the calcite induction concrete (C.I.C).
• At 7 days of curing the C.S of CIC-15% is greater
than all other mixes.
• At 28th day of curing the C.S by 10%,15%
replacements were shown better results than
other mixes.
 4.5
35
4
30
3.5
Compressive strength(MPa)

25
3

USPV (Km/s)
20 2.5

15 2

10 1.5

1
5
0.5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 0
0 5 10 15 20 25
%of calcite %of calcite

7th day C.S 28th day C.S

7th day USPV 28th day USPV

Compressive strength on C.T.M

compressive strength (MPa)

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

Compressive strength(MPa)
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
5
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 0
%of calcite PC CIC-5 CIC-10 CIC-15 CIC-20
Type of mix
Compressive strength
Compressive Strength
 CONCLUSION

• The addition of calcite to the concrete by weight

(5,10,15,20 percent) increases workability.
• The test results clearly indicated that, lesser number of
voids presented in Calcite induction concrete as compared
to Plain Concrete (ref USPV Table and graphs).
• The compressive strength of concrete with 10%, 15%, 20%
replacement is in the range of 21.2 N/mm2 to
21.52N/mm2, 22.477 N/mm2 at 28 days of curing.
• Maximum percentage of increase in compressive strength
is found to be at 10% replacement of cement by calcite.
• The compressive strength of all other percentages (Except
5% replacement) are greater than the compressive
strength of plain cement concrete.
 REFERENCES
1. C.C.Gavimath.et.al., "Potential application of bacteria to improve
the strength of cement concrete" ISSN 0976-2612, Vol.3, Issue 1,
2012, pp 541-544.
2. Sookie S.Bang.et.al., "Calcite precipitation induced by
polyurethane-immobilized Bacillus pasteurii", 2000.
3. C. Manish kumar.et.al., "Studies on the mechanical behavior of
concrete by Bacterial mineral precipitation", 2011.
4. Hall.C ., "Water sorptivity of mortars and concretes", A review
magazine of concrete research, Vol.41, No.147, pp51-61, 1989.
5. De Muynck.et.al., "Improvement of concrete durability with the
aid of bacteria", Proceedings of the First international conference on
self healing materials 18-20April 2007,Noordwijk Aan Zee.
THANK YOU
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