A LABORATORY STUDY ON THE STABILIZATION OF

MARINE CLAY WITH PHOSPHOGYPSUM

Under the Guidance of

Dr.D.Koteswara Rao By
K.PRADEEP VARMA
Professor of Civil
(16021D1924)
Engineering , University M tech SM&FE
College of Engineering, JNTUK
JNTUK Kakinada

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU
TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,
KAKINADA
ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA -533003
 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 NEED FOR THE STUDY
 OBJECTIVES
 EXPERIMENTAL REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
MARINE CLAY :-

 Marine clay is a type of soil that is largely exists at the coastal

corridors, low lands and offshore areas.
 Marine clay is microcrystalline in nature and clay minerals like
chlorite, kaolinite and illite and non-clay minerals like quartz
and feldspar are present in the soil.
 Marine Clay is formed by the sedimentation of clayey soils in
marine environments.
 Marine soils tend to swell and become soft when wetted and
may shrink and become stiff when dried.
 The pressures exerted by the swelling action can far exceed the
strength of your foundation.
 The Marine Clay soils are not suitable as pavement subgrade and
foundation soil beds and problems due to their inability of strength
criteria.
 The marine clays are found in the states of West Bengal,
Orissa, Andhra Pradesh,Tamilnadu,Kerala,Karnataka,Maharashtra
and some parts of Gujarat.
 These soils are highly saturated, soft, sensitive and normally
consolidated. These usually have low density and low shear
strength and expansive in nature.
Marine Clay
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 B M N Kiran, DVS Prasad, (2016) studied on marine clay when treated
with various percentages of Quarry dust as an admixture and Ferric
chloride as additive the deformation and load carrying capacity of treated
Marine Clay increased greatly.
 And from his tests Using C&D waste such as tile is an
alternative method not only can stabilize soil but also can
reduce the amount of wastage
 Akshaya Kumar Sabat, (2012) studied the influnce of Waste
Waste Ceramic Dust from 0 to 30% at an increment of 5% on
expansive clay . And from the analysis of test results it was
found that, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index optimum
moisture content, cohesion and swelling pressure decreased,
maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength,
California bearing ratio and angle of internal friction increased
with an increase in ceramic dust content
 Akshaya Kumar Sabat, Radhikesh P. Nanda, (2016) studied
on Effect of marble dust on strength and durability of Rice
husk ash stabilised expansive soil . From the test results the
MDD goes on decreasing and OMC goes on increasing
irrespective of the percentage of addition of Marble dust to
RHA stabilized expansive soil. the UCS value , soaked CBR
value increases with addition of 20% marble dust to rice husk
ash and with further increase of marble dust the UCS value
and soaked CBR value dcereases . The swelling pressure of the
expansive soil goes on decreasing irrespective of the
percentage of addition of Marble dust to RHA stabilized
expansive soil.
 M.ADAMS JOE, A.MARIA RAJESH,(2015) studied on the
influence of using industrial waste and lime with expansive soil
. From the study it is observed that there is an appreciable
improvement in the optimum mositure content and maximum
 dry density for the soil treated with industrial waste. The study
after conducting several experiments revealed the following
significances in using lime and industrial waste as a stabilizing
agent. The addition of lime and industrial waste mixes to sub
base increases the unconfined compressive strength value more
than that by ordinary methods. The sub base stabilization with
lime and industrial waste mixes improves the strength
behaviour of sub base.
 Meenu Prakash, Rekha Raveendran, (2011) studied on the
Comparison Between Paper Sludge And Rice Husk Ash As A
Stabilizing Agent For expansive Soil . the results indicate that
the strength characteristics of the soil are improved with the
addition optimum percentage of paper sludge when compared
to RHA and the improvement was found to be 96%.
 The strength achievement of soil is due to the pozzolanic
reaction and the cementation process of paper sludge. From
the studies, it can be observed that the soil stabilized with
paper sludge can be effectively used as a ground improvement
technique for construction
 Adrian. Oshioname Eberemu , (2013) studied on the influence
of Coir Fiber Reinforcement Technique to Improve Strength of
Cement Kiln Dust Treated Black Cotton Soil Subgrade . Test
results indicated that the maximum dry unit weight decreased
marginally while the optimum moisture content and UCS
increased on application of optimum CKD content. Although,
CKD treatment of soil improved the compressive strength but
it imparted brittleness in soil specimens. Coir fiber inclusion in
stabilized samples resulted in further reduction of maximum
dry unit weight as well as higher
 optimum moistures together with the UCS and therefore the
load carrying capacity of the subgrade. Evaluation of the
toughness index established an increasing trend with higher
fiber content. An increased toughness index is desirable, as the
longevity of the pavement would be expected to increase with
increasing toughness.
 P.Indiramma , Dr.Ch.Sudharani, (2016) studied on the
efficency of Use of Quarry Dust for Stabilising Expansive
Soil . The Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index are
on decreasing with addition of quarry dust in
differentpercentages. The Maximum Dry Density (MDD) is on
increasing and Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) is
decreasing withincrease in percentage of Quarry dust.
 The Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) is increasing with
increase in percentage of Quarry Dust.The Differential Free Swell
Index (DFSI) is decreasing with increase in percentage of Quarry
Dust.
 Akshaya Kumar Sabat, Radhikesh P. Nanda, (2011) studied on
the influence of marble dust on strength and durability of Rice husk
ash stabilised expansive soil . From the test results The MDD goes
on decreasing and OMC goes on increasing irrespective of the
percentage of addition of Marble dust to RHA stabilized expansive
soil. The UCS and the soaked CBR of the RHA stabilized expansive
soil increased up to 20% addition of Marble dust. And The swelling
pressure of the of the expansive soil goes on decreasing irrespective
of the pressure percentage of addition of Marble dust to RHA
stabilized expansive soil
 Wajid Ali, Butt Karan Gupta, J. N. Jha, (2016) studied on the efficiency
of saw dust ash with expansive clay . From the experimental results the
Liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, specific gravity, un-soaked CBR
and unconfined compressive strength of the stabilized soils were optimally
improved by adding SDA. And With increase in SDA content a general
reduction in maximum dry unit weight
was observed. The optimum moisture content (OMC) shows increase with
increase in SDA content.
 Nurul Eilmy Binti Zainuddin, Nor Zurairahetty Mohd Yunus
Aminaton Marto, (2016) studied the efficiency of reutilization of waste
material with marine clay and from his reviewed papers the results did not
show that the highest strength was gained at the largest amount of
additives. the studies reviewed,at certain quantity and curing time, the
strength started constant and dropped after reaching at peak.
OBJECTIVES

 To determine the properties of the Marine Clay and

expansive clay in laboratory.
 To study the efficiency of admixtures and chemical adictives
for improving the strength characteristics of marine clay and
expansive clay .
 To evaluate the properties of Marine Clay and expansive
when treated with admixtures and chemical addictives to use
it as subgrade in flexible pavements and foundation .
 To study the affect of treated and untreated Marine Clay as
subgrade for flexible pavements and foundation.
need for the study

 It possess low shear strength and high compressibility and hence pose
problems.
 Clay particles can self-assemble into various configurations, each with
totally different properties.
 Marine soils in particular can present great problems in pavement
design due to uncertainty associated with their performance.
 In India, these Marine soils are so aerially extensive that the alteration
of highway routes cannot be made and it is not economical.
 Swelling of marine clay has the potential to destroy building
foundations in only a few years.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

YET TO BE DONE
THANK YOU