Biodiversity Loss

Presented by

Ayush
Class-9th Gold
Roll No. 8
 Biodiversity Loss

CAUSES
ETHICS
SOLUTIONS
Yes, that is the Carolina Parakeet.
 Biodiversity Defined
Population Diversity
Size of overall
population
Size and Numbers of
local populations
Distribution
Genetic makeup
Better for analyzing
biodiversity loss
Rosy Periwinkle.
Species Diversity
Differences between
species
Most often used to
quantify biodiversity
loss
More studies completed
in this area
Presentation focus
 What is Natural?
Compared to…

 Average Species lives for 4 million years

 One mammal per 1000 years
 80 mammals in 400 years
 One bird per 500 years
 115 birds in 400 years
 One reptile or amphibian every 400 years
 123 fish in 100 years (in America alone)
 Biodiversity Loss

•Overexploitaion
CAUSES
•Invasive Species
•Habitat Loss
 Biodiversity Loss

CAUSES
Overexploitation

Death rate > Birth rate

Steller’s Seacow
–Hunted for profit/food

Passenger Pigeon
–Hunted as a pest
 Biodiversity Loss
CAUSES
Invasive Species
Affects 49% of threatened or
endangered species in America
10% rule:
10% of introduced species take, 10%
of species that take become invasive
McDonaldization
 Biodiversity Loss
CAUSES

Invasive Species
Linear relationship between diversity
of species and landmass
If the earth was a single landmass, we
would lose 66% of mammal diversity & 48%
bird diversity
 Biodiversity Loss
CAUSES

Invasive Species
Predation
Ex: Cats vs. New Zealand ground birds
 Biodiversity Loss
CAUSES

Invasive Species
Competition & Habitat Alteration
Ex: Knapweed!
 Biodiversity Loss
CAUSES

Invasive Species
Hybridization
Ex. Native Mediterranean White Duck
vs. more numerous Ruddy Duck

+ =
 Biodiversity Loss
CAUSES

Invasive Species
Disease Vectors

Colonization of the Americas

 Biodiversity Loss
CAUSES

Habitat Loss
Affects 85% of threatened or
endagered species in America
Area the size of South America is
planted with crops
175 billion pounds of nitrogen & tons of
pesticide applied annually
 Biodiversity Loss
CAUSES

Habitat Loss
Logging forests
Overharvesting => habitat loss

Water manipulation
Damns, irrigation
 Biodiversity Loss

•Life is Sacred
•Economics Costs/Benefit
ETHICS
•$30 trillion worth of services
•Costs US $137 billion to fight
invasive species annually
•Future Benefits
•Medicines
•It’s Cool
 Biodiversity Loss

Every Species Has Its Natural

Environment

SOLUTIONS
Species that live in a
Species that are capable
specific area are of living in a variety of
ENDEMICS. environments are
GENERALISTS.

Endemics are more likely to be affected by change.

 Biodiversity Loss
SOLUTIONS

Protecting Biodiversity

Priorities Secondary

Econimically Emotional Attachment

•It is economically •By protecting nature for
advantageous to protect nature’s sake provides
biodiversity intrinsic value to
Ecologically biodiversity
•By protecting
biodiversity, it will prevent
ecological problems
 Biodiversity Loss
SOLUTIONS

Economical
In Costa Rica, a
preserve was
established to
preserve biodiversity
for economic
reasons

 Ecotourism
 Pharmaceuticals
Biodiversity Loss
SOLUTIONS

Ecological
Keystone species are
species that are
crucial to the
structure of the entire
ecosystem. Without
keystone species,
ecosystems could not
function well.
 Biodiversity Loss
SOLUTIONS

Methods of Preservation
In Situ Ex Situ
Habitat Conservation Captive Breeding
Regulation of Land Use Zoological Parks
Protecting Species Botanical Gardens
 Biodiversity Loss
SOLUTIONS

The Black Footed Ferret

With an extremely small

population, these
ferrets were captured
in order to reestablish
a viable population.
 Biodiversity Loss
SOLUTIONS

Cost/Benefits of Protecting
Biodiversity
 Opportunity Costs
THANK YOU
Biodiversity Loss
SOLUTIONS

Opportunity Costs

 Management
 Maintenance

 Future Benefits

 Economic Value