DR. SHAZIA W.

KHAN
 What is Ecology?
Origin of the word…”ecology”

Greek origin
OIKOS = household
LOGOS = study of…

Study of the
“house/environment” in which we live.
 Ecology is study of interactions
between

• non-living components in the

environment…
 light
 water
 wind
 nutrients in soil
 heat
 solar radiation
 atmosphere, etc.

AND…
 Living organisms…
 Plants
 Animals
 microorganisms in soil, etc.
 To study Ecology involves…

For non-living (abiotic)  For living (biotic)

Climatology  animal
Hydrology behavior
Oceanography  Taxonomy
Physics
Chemistry  Physiology
Geology  mathematics
soil analysis, etc. (population
studies)
 etc.
Levels of Organization - Terms

 Biosphere
 Surface of the earth
 Composed of many ecosystems
 Ecosystem
 Large or small as we decide
○ Backyard, Society, town, Region etc.
 Levels of Organization - Terms
Population – one species live in one place at
one time
Community – All populations (diff. species) that
live in a particular area.
Levels of Organization - Terms

Habitat – physical location of community

Organism –simplest level of organization
• Very complex
• Can contain 100’s to 1000’s of interacting
species.
THEN…
 Ecology is an integrated and
dynamic study of the environment
which is primarily focused on :
. Biodiversity;
. Climate Change; and
. Endangered Animals
 BIODIVERSITY
What is biodiversity?

 It is the
variety of all
the different
living things
and their
homes on
the planet
 Why do we need Biodiversity?

.The natural world is very complex, with

many intricate relationships between species
and habitats.

.We refer to them as food webs and food

chains or eco systems.

.The plants and animals rely in many ways on

those on either side of them.
Biological diversity is important because of
the way these relationships can combine to
provide yet more variation in the living world.

Any human activity that diminishes this 'bio -

diversity' could therefore impoverish our own
quality of life, reduce the resources available
to us and ultimately make tough the survival
of our descendants.
 WHY IS BIODIVERSITY IMPORTANT?

. An
Earth
rich in
wildlife
is a
sign
that it
is a
health
y
planet
for us
.When we pollute the air, water and to live
soil, we risk destroying biodiversity on too.
 Trees make oxygen for us to breath.

 Plants need insects for pollination.

 Animals and birds need to eat plants.

 Some animals need to eat the animals that

eat the plants!

But most importantly everything

we use comes from nature!
3 THREATS TO BIODIVERISTY

1. Habitat
Destruction

2. Pollution

3. Alien species

Who causes all of

these threats?
WE DO!!
Role of Corporations in the
society
What role does business play in
society?
 Economical
 Technological
 Social
 Innovation
 Psychological
1: Economical role
Provide people with :
 income for living expenses
 source of satisfaction and achievement
 sense of identity and pride.
Basis of a nation’s economy

 A strong economy is built on performance of

business
 Business success effects entire society
 Increases wealth and economic activity
2: Technological change and innovation

 Competition delivers products

which are better, cheaper or
more convenient
 Technology is the key to
 lower costs
 improved quality or
 the delivery of goods/services
more quickly
3: Social Role
 a place where people meet, interact more than
anywhere else outside of family
 take people overseas or into situations they
otherwise would not experience
4: Entrepreneurship

 many aspire to run own business

 offers a sense of independence and control
 can achieve dramatic success and build
substantial wealth
5: Psychological - Choice

 offered to consumers when business sector

is healthy and diverse
 where you work, eat, shop and what you
buy
 allows people to specialise in what they do
and interests pursued
IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION
 INTEGRATION OF FINANCIAL MARKETS
 CHANGES IN GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES
 IT REVOLUTION
 MULTI COUNTRY PRODUCTION OF GOODS
 EFFECT ON SMES
 MIGRATION OF WORK FORCE
 INJUDICIOUS USE OF RESOURCES
 CLOUT DISPLAYED BY FINANCIAL
INSTITUTIONS
 IRRESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOUR BY MNCS
ROLE OF BUSINESS IN SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
 COLLABORATION WITH SOCIETY
AND GOVT TO CREATE A
QUALITATIVELY BETTER WORLD TO
LIVE IN
 BUSINESS IS DEPENDENT ON
SOCIETY FOR GROWTH AND
PROSPERITY
 STAKEHOLDER CONCEPT
 SYSTEMS APPROACH
 OWNERSHIP CONCEPT
CHALLENGES IN STAKEHOLDER
ENGAGEMENT
 ASSESSING KEY STAKEHOLDERS AND
THEIR CONCERNS
 EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMMES,MEASUREMENT AND
COMMUNICATION OF PERFORMANCE
 RESPONSE TO STAKEHOLDER VIEWS
 COMMUNICATION OF VALUES
 CONSISTENT AND ACCURATE
INFORMATION
 COMMITMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY
MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT
GOALS
 ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER
 ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
 PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER
WOMEN
 REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY
 IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH
 COMBAT HIV/AIDS,MALARIA AND OTHER
DISEASES
 ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
 GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT