Data Communications

Data Communication and Networking

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DATA COMMUNICATION

• movement of computer information

(data) from one point to another by
means of electrical or optical transmission
systems.
• data are represented as electrical signals
interpreted by the computer in binary
form (0 or 1).
• computer networks facilitate data
movement

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NETWORKS

A group of two or more computer

system linked together

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APPLICATIONS OF NETWORK

• The Internet
• World Wide Web, Electronic Mail (email),
File Transfer Protocol, Telnet
• Groupware – discussion groups, doc-
based groupware, group support system,
video conferencing
• Electronic Commerce (eCommerce)
- e-Marketing, e-Store, Info provider,
customer service

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Types of NETWORK

• local-area networks (LANs) : The

computers are geographically close
together (that is, in the same building).
• wide-area networks (WANs) : The
computers are farther apart and are
connected by telephone lines or radio
waves.
• campus-area networks (CANs): The
computers are within a limited geographic
area, such as a campus or military base.

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Types of NETWORK

• metropolitan-area networks (MANs):

A data network designed for a town or
city.
• home-area networks (HANs): A
network contained within a user's home
that connects a person's digital devices.

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WIDE AREA NETWORKS

• A computer network that spans a

relatively large geographical area.
• Typically, a WAN consists of two or
more local area networks (LAN).
• often connected through public
networks, such as the telephone
system.

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WIDE AREA NETWORKS

• can also be connected through leased

lines or satellites.
• The largest WAN in existence is the
Internet.

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NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

• A topology (from Greek topos meaning

place) is a description of any kind of
locality in terms of its layout.
• In communication networks, a topology
is a usually schematic description of the
arrangement of a network, including its
nodes and connecting lines.
• It refers to the shape of a network, or
the network's layout.

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NODES

• In networks, a processing location.

• A node can be a computer or some other
device, such as a printer.
• Every node has a unique network address.
• In tree structures, a point where two or
more lines meet.

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BUS TOPOLOGY

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BUS TOPOLOGY

• every workstation is connected to a main

cable called the bus.
• a bus is a transmission path on which
signals are dropped off or picked up at
every device attached to the line.
• The size of a bus, known as its width, is
important because it determines how
much data can be transmitted at one
time. For example, a 16-bit bus can
transmit 16 bits of data, whereas a 32-bit
bus can transmit 32 bits of data.
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STAR TOPOLOGY

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STAR TOPOLOGY

• there is a central computer or server or

to a central device to which all the
workstations are directly connected.
• Every workstation is indirectly connected
to every other through the central
computer.

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RING TOPOLOGY

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RING TOPOLOGY

• the workstations are connected in a

closed loop configuration.
• Adjacent pairs of workstations are directly
connected.
• Other pairs of workstations are indirectly
connected, the data passing through one
or more intermediate nodes.
• A variation of the ring network topology is
known as the Token Ring. In this scheme,
the signal travels in only one direction or
senses around the ring, carried by a so-
called token from node to node.

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 Any questions?

End of Lecture.
Data Communications and Networking

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