SEMINAR

ON
FUEL FROM PLASTIC WASTE

By
SOORAJ P R
LYANEME048
 OBJECTIVE
• In this scenario my presentation aims to solve the
twin problem of environment pollution due to plastic
and the need for an alternative fuel source

• The main aim is to find a solution to the mountings

problem of plastic disposal , for which the plastics are
converted into valuable fuel
 INTRODUCTION
• Plastics have become an indispensable part in today’s
world due to their light-weight, durability, energy,
efficiency.

• Coupled with a faster rate of production and design

flexibility, these plastic are employed in entire range
of industrial and domestic areas .
• Plastic are non degradable polymers of mostly
containing carbon, hydrogen and few others elements
such as chlorine , nitrogen etc.

• Due to its non-biodegradable nature, the plastic

waste contributes significantly to the problem of
municipal waste management .
 PLASTIC
• Plastics are natural / synthetic materials.

• Produced by chemically modifying natural substances

or are synthesized from inorganic and organic raw
material.

• On the basis of their physical characteristics, plastics

are usually divided into thermosetting plastic,
thermoplastics .
• These groups differ primarily with regard to
molecular structure , which is what determines their
differing thermal behaviour.

 Why Plastic!!

• The main thing which makes plastic wastes valuable

is longer carbon chains than those in LPG, petrol,
and diesel fuels. Therefore, it is possible to convert
waste plastic into fuels.
 CONVERSION OF PLASTICS
WASTE INTO LIQUID FUEL

 METHODS & PROCESS AVALIABLE

• Thermochemical conversion (Pyrolysis).

• Hydrocracking.

• Catalytic conversion.

 Among this, thermochemical conversion seems to be

the dominant process.
THERMOCHEMICAL TREATMENT

 Pyrolysis is a process of thermal degradation of

plastics in the absence of oxygen.

Fig 1 Simple representation of TCT

• Hydrocarbons between the boiling points 35⁰c-185⁰c
can be used as motor gasoline.

• Between 185⁰c-290⁰c as diesel.

• Between 350⁰c-538⁰c as vacuum gas oil & > 538⁰c as

the residue
PROCESS LAYOUT

Fig 2 Process
 FACTORS AFFECTING TCT

• Type of plastic

• Degradation temperature

• Degradation time

• Catalytic type

• Particle size
 FLOW CHART
Fig: 3 Loading plastic
Fig:4 passing of vapour
Fig:5reaction of catalyst
Fig:6 Collection of crude oil
 HYDROCRACKING
• PROCESS OF CRACKING LARGER
HYDROCARBONS SUCH AS POLYMERS INTO
FUEL RANGE HYDROCARBONS IN PRESENCE OF
HYDROGEN.
• HYDROCRACKING MORE IMPORTANT WHEN
PERFORMED WITH A CATALYST
• MOST WIDELY USED CATALYST ARE ACIDIC
SUPPORTING MATERIALS (ZEOLITES)
 CATALYTIC CONVERSION
• Process of adding catalyst to pyrolysis reaction in
order to improve conversion.

• Improve fuel quality

• Lower pyrolysis temperature

• Fuel quality vary with strength of catalysts acidity

 EXAMPLES OF PLASTIC TO
FUEL PROCESSES
NON-CATALYTIC PROCESS(Williams et al[18])
• Pyrolysis waste, plastic mixtures and individual
mixtures in presence of nitrogen and hydrogen at
500⁰c

• Nitrogen used for pyrolysis, where as hydrogen used

for liquefaction
 ADVANTAGES
• Problem of disposal of waste plastic is solved.

• Waste plastic is converted into high value fuels.

• Environmental pollution is controlled.

• Industrial and automobile fuel requirement shall be

fulfilled to some extent at lower price.
• No pollutants are created during cracking of plastics.

• The industrial oil and the non-liquefied gas can be

used for generation of electricity
 CONCLUSION
• The production of thermo-fuel from waste plastics is
one of the better methods to save the environment .

• We get liquefied and non-liquefied gas as product of

conversion of plastic to fuel.

• The obtained Liquefied gas known as industrial oil

• Non liquefied can be compressed and used as lpg gas

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THANK YOU