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Story 1 Toby was lost. He is already
crying. He must have wandered
off from his family during their
morning hike because around
noon he realized that he was all
alone in the middle of the woods.
He was definitely anxious to find
his family before evening. The
thought of spending a night in the
woods alone was a scary one.
Heaving a sigh, Toby walked on.
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 Toby was totally lost, as any needle in a stack Story 2
of hay. He already cried a bucket of tears
finding his way home. He must have wandered
off from his family during their morning hike
because around noon he realized that he was
alone in the middle of the wide whispering
woods. Thonk! Thunk! went his feet on the soft
pine needles that covered the ground like a
soft brown blanket. Birds twittered and tweeted
from the sky-scraping branches of trees, but
there was no sound of his family. “Mom! Dad!”,
he screamed. He was as anxious as a fish out
of water to find his family before evening. The
thought of spending a night in the woods alone
was one that made his heart dance a fearful
frenzied jig in his chest. Heaving a sigh, Toby
tiredly trudged on. The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 4
# Observation

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Figures of Speech 16

“Attitudes are the real figure of speech”

-Edwin Fridman
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
-Creates figures (pictures) in the mind of the reader or listener.
These pictures help convey the meaning faster and more vividly
than words alone.

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1 She sells sea shells
on the seashore.
2 Peter Piper picked a
peck of pickled
peppers.

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 Alliteration
• “Latira” = “letters of • The occurrence of the
alphabet”. same letter or sound at
the beginning of closely
connected words.

Purpose
Creates a musical effect. The Power of PowerPoint | thepopp.com 9
1 The bridge collapsed
creating a tremendous
boom.

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Onomatopoeia
the use of words that imitate the sounds
associated with the objects or actions they
refer to.

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Let’s practice!
1 But a better butter makes a batter
better.
2 The clap of thunder went bang and
scared my poor dog.
3 Broom. Boom. Woof.
4 Betty Batter bought a bit of butter.
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1 Act naturally
2 Found missing
3 Deafening silence
4 Walking dead

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Oxymoron
A figure of speech in which opposite or
contradictory ideas or terms are combined.

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1 “How nice!” she said, when I told her I had to
work all weekend.

2 “Nice clean water you’ve got here.” when

standing on the edge of a polluted water.

Small-Big Good-Bad
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 Irony
The use of words
where the meaning
is the opposite of
their usual meaning.
Directly Opposite.

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1 You can save money by spending it.

2 It’s hard work doing nothing.

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Paradox
A statement that contradicts
itself and still seems true
somehow.

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Let’s practice!
1 This is the beginning of the end.
2 Working Vacation
3 I am nobody.
4 Small Crowd
5 Fast-Slow
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1 Her cheeks are red like a rose.

2 He is as funny as a monkey.

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 Simile
A figure of speech that makes a comparison,
showing similarities between two different things.

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1 Her voice is music to
his ears.

2 She has a heart of

gold.

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 Metaphor
a figure of speech that makes an implicit,
implied, or hidden comparison between two
things that are unrelated, but which share
some common characteristics.

Purpose
Makes the text easier to understand.
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Let’s practice!
Write “S” next to the Similes and “M”
next to the metaphors.
1 The assignment was a breeze.
2 Our soldiers are as brave as lions.
3 Jim was boiling mad.
4 Her cheeks are red like a rose.
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1 The wind whispered through dry
grass.
2 The fire swallowed the entire forest.

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Personification
a figure of speech in which a thing; an idea or an
animal is given human attributes.

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 1 The software included a Trojan Horse.

2 “Hey! Guess who the new Newton of our

school is?”

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Allusion
-a brief and indirect reference to a person, place,
thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or
political significance.

Purpose
Simplify complex ideas and emotions..
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1 She's planning to serve the dish early in the
evening.

2 The restaurant has been acting quite rude

lately.

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Metonymy
A word or phrase that is
used to stand in for
another word.

1 “The restaurant has been acting quite rude

lately.” (The restaurant - to refer to the staff)
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1It was so cold, I saw
polar bears wearing
jackets.
2 That joke is so old, the
last time I heard it I
was riding on a
dinosaur.
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Hyperbole
Uses exaggeration for
emphasis or effect.

Purpose
To make feelings seem more intense.
To emphasize a point for an amusing effect.
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1 Finding a good man is like finding a
needle in a haystack.

2 Life is like a camera –focus on what’s

important, capture the good times and
develop from the negatives.
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Analogy
A comparison of two things to show their similarities,
typically for the purpose of explanation or
clarification.

Life is like a box of chocolates – you never know what

you’re gonna get! 34
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1 The ice cream was not too bad.

2 Your comments on politics are not

useless.

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Litotes
“simple”
is a figure of speech that employs an
understatement by using double negatives or, in
other words, a positive statement expressed by
negating its opposite expressions.

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 Allegory
A story within a story. It has a “surface story” and
another story hidden underneath.

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Wizard of Oz
Panic of 1893
Industrial workers
Worst economic
-enslaved to
depression in
heartless industries
the U.S.

Farmers
Common man/ Bryan(author) -Situation
U.S. citizens Loud roar little -Political interest
political power

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 Caesura
It refers to a break in a line of poetry, where the
reader takes a pause based on the rhythmic flow of
the poetry or due to punctuation.

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 Deus ex machina
It’s when some new character, force, or event
suddenly shows up to solve a seemingly hopeless
situation.

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Magic Square: How well do you know these
concepts?
Select from the numbered statements the best
description for each of the concepts. Put the number
of your answer in the proper space in the "magic
square box". The sum of the numbers will be the
same across each row and down each column. Each
correct answer is worth 2 point; First group who finds
the MAGIC NUMBER will get an additional 8 points;
6 for the second group; 4 for the third group and 2
point for the last group. 41
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 A B C D

E F G H

H I J K

L M N O

Magic number = ____

Choices
A. Allitiration I. Paradox
B. Allusion J. Personification
C. Hyperbole K. Simile
D. Irony L. Litotes
E. Metaphor M. Analogy
F. Metonymy N. Allegory
G. Onomatopeia O. Caesura
H. Oxymoron P. Deus Ex machina 43
1. It’s when some new character, force, or event suddenly shows up to solve a seemingly
hopeless situation.
2. My brother was boiling mad.
3. “I can resist anything but temptation.” – Oscar Wilde
4. Extravagant – Frugal
5. “Don’t act like a Romeo in front of her.” “Romeo” is a reference to Shakespeare’s Romeo.
6. He is as cunning as a fox.
7. The buzzing bee flew away.
8. A story within a story. It has a “surface story” and another story hidden underneath.
9. Uses exaggeration for emphasis or effect.
10. The practice of attaching human traits and characteristics to inanimate objects,
phenomena, and animals.
11. “Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears...”
12. Refers to a break or pause in the middle of a line of verse(poetry).
13. Faith is like a Wi-Fi, it’s invisible but it has the power to connect you to what you need.
14. Foolish wisdom
15. A figure of speech that employs an understatement by using double negatives.
16. 'If two witches were watching two watches, which witch would watch which watch?'