Moderate climate

What is moderate climate

• A place with a moderate climate is neither too
hot nor too cold .moderate climate is also
charchterize by moderate wind and moderate
rains. The changes between summer and winter
are generally moderate in the temperature , or
tepid , latitudes of the globe ,which lie between
the tropics and the polar regions.
Charchterstics of moderate climate
• The solar radiation in this region is more or less
the same throughout the year. Being located at
relatively higher elevations, these places
experience lower temperatures than hot and dry
30- 43oC during the day and 17- 24oC at night .
In winter , the maximum temperature is
between 27- 33oC during the day and 16- 18oC at
night .
• the relative humidity is low in winter and
summers varying from 20-55%, and going upto
55-90% during monsoons.
• The total rainfall usually exceeds 1000mm per
year.
• Winter are dry in this zone.
• Wind are generally high during summer. Their
speed and direction depend mainly upon
topography.
• The sky is mostly clear with occasional presence of
low, dense clouds during summer.
• vegitation:- a wide variety of forest of deciduous
trees, tall shrubs,low bushes, a variety of grasses and
leathery leaves (which hold in moisture during the dry
summers)
• Material :- the most wide spread building materials
are grey granite, tiles, lime, timber, mangalore tiles
etc
Construction techonology :-

• foundation are built out of stone with lime mortar.

• walls(1’16” to 3’6” thick) are built out of granite
stone with lime mortar. Walls are plastered with
lime plaster. A cost of lime wash was applied to all
walls every year.
• Roof are covered with stone slabs supported
bywooden beams and rafters in the natural form
tropped by lime mortar . In some places stone slabs
supported by wooden beams and joints cut into
required size & it is topped by lime concrete and
finished with lime mortar. In some places roofs are
built of mud supported on wooden beams covered
with grass mat.
• The paving of entrance lobby and court is in the
rough stone slabs set either regularly or either
random rubble fashion.
• Floors of verandah and rooms are of stone slabs.
• External doors & wooden columns are generally
emphasized. Door lintel consists of over sailing
courses. Openings are covered by arches or by
thick stone slabs.
• The walls surfaces are highly articulated with
projecting stone balconies, sun shades and
brackets and each of these building elements is
in turn intricately carved.
Place of moderate climate in India are as
follows

• Bangalore
• Pune
• In bangalore, the ideal
comfortable house is built
of heavy walls with high
celling rooms, with
windows that you can shut
open, surronded by a shade
giving verandah.

• High cellings reduses the

effect of heat that would
radiated down form the
roof which would get hot
under the sun. this will also
allow the warm air to rise
and escape through
ventilators. High up in the
walls.
Design features:-
natural lighting is extensively used in the the
north-east and north-west by hollowing out
courtyards, which become permanent sources of
light and ventilation.
Roof insulation was provided by using a roof
system of precast hollow terracotta curved
panels with normal G.I reinforcement.
A nomianal layer of concrete of only 2-inch thick
at the crown of panel was poured into place.
A thick wall on the southern/south-western side,
which comprised largely masonary surface
within which were located the services