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Principles of Economics,
9e
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
; ; By
Karl E. Case,
Ray C. Fair &
Sharon M. Oster
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CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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PART III MARKET IMPERFECTIONS AND
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
Monopoly and
13
Antitrust Policy
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
Prepared by:
Fernando & Yvonn Quijano
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PART III MARKET IMPERFECTIONS AND
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
Monopoly and
13
Antitrust Policy CHAPTER OUTLINE
Imperfect Competition and Market Power:
Core Concepts
Defining Industry Boundaries
Barriers to Entry
Price: The Fourth Decision Variable
Price and Output Decisions in Pure Monopoly
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
Markets
Demand in Monopoly Markets
Perfect Competition and Monopoly Compared
Collusion and Monopoly Compared
The Social Costs of Monopoly
Inefficiency and Consumer Loss
Rent-Seeking Behavior
Price Discrimination
Examples of Price Discrimination
Remedies for Monopoly: Antitrust Policy
The Development of Antitrust Law: Historical
Background
Landmark Antitrust Legislation
The Enforcement of Antitrust Law
Initiating Antitrust Actions
Sanctions and Remedies
Criminal Actions
A Natural Monopoly
Do Natural Monopolies Still Exist?
Imperfect Markets: A Review and a Look Ahead
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Imperfect Competition and Market Power: Core Concepts
output.
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Imperfect Competition and Market Power: Core Concepts
Forms of Imperfect Competition and Market Boundaries
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Imperfect Competition and Market Power: Core Concepts
Forms of Imperfect Competition and Market Boundaries
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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When is a monopolist able to exercise market power?
a. When the market is more narrowly defined.
b. When the market is more broadly defined.
c. When competition in the market is substantial.
d. When the government encourages monopolies to exercise that
power.
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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Price and Output Decisions in Pure Monopoly Markets
Demand in Monopoly Markets
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
FIGURE 13.2 The Demand Curve Facing a Perfectly Competitive Firm Is Perfectly Elastic
Perfectly competitive firms are price-takers; they are small relative to the size of the market
and thus cannot influence market price. The implication is that the demand curve facing a
perfectly competitive firm is perfectly elastic. If the firm raises its price, it sells nothing and
there is no reason for the firm to lower its price if it can sell all it wants at P* = $5.
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Which of the following is among the most important distinctions
between perfect competition and monopoly?
a. In a monopoly market, there is no distinction between the firm and
the industry.
b. In a monopoly market, the market demand curve is the demand
curve facing the firm.
c. In a monopoly market, the total quantity supplied in the market is
what the firm decides to produce.
d. All of the above.
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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Which of the following is among the most important distinctions
between perfect competition and monopoly?
a. In a monopoly market, there is no distinction between the firm and
the industry.
b. In a monopoly market, the market demand curve is the demand
curve facing the firm.
c. In a monopoly market, the total quantity supplied in the market is
what the firm decides to produce.
d. All of the above.
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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Price and Output Decisions in Pure Monopoly Markets
Demand in Monopoly Markets
Marginal Revenue and Market Demand
3 8 24 6
4 7 28 4
5 6 30 2
6 5 30 0
7 4 28 -2
8 3 24 -4
9 2 18 -6
10 1 10 -8
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When total revenue reaches its maximum, what is the value of marginal
revenue?
a. Marginal revenue is also at its maximum value.
b. Marginal revenue is at its minimum.
c. Marginal revenue equals zero.
d. Marginal revenue is negative.
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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When total revenue reaches its maximum, what is the value of marginal
revenue?
a. Marginal revenue is also at its maximum value.
b. Marginal revenue is at its minimum.
c. Marginal revenue equals zero.
d. Marginal revenue is negative.
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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Price and Output Decisions in Pure Monopoly Markets
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Refer to the figure below. How much profit does the profit-maximizing
monopoly earn?
a. $0
b. $6,000
c. $5,040
d. $10
e. $960
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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Refer to the figure below. How much profit does the profit-maximizing
monopoly earn?
a. $0
b. $6,000
c. $5,040
d. $10
e. $960
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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Price and Output Decisions in Pure Monopoly Markets
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Price and Output Decisions in Pure Monopoly Markets
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Price and Output Decisions in Pure Monopoly Markets
FIGURE 13.7 Comparison of Monopoly and Perfectly Competitive Outcomes for a Firm with
Constant Returns to Scale
In the newly organized monopoly, the marginal cost curve is the same as the supply curve
that represented the behavior of all the independent firms when the industry was organized
competitively. Quantity produced by the monopoly will be less than the perfectly competitive
level of output, and the monopoly price will be higher than the price under perfect competition.
Under monopoly, P = Pm = $4 and Q = Qm = 2,500. Under perfect competition, P = Pc = $3
and Q = Qc = 4,000.
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Price and Output Decisions in Pure Monopoly Markets
industries.
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Price and Output Decisions in Pure Monopoly Markets
Economies of Scale
FIGURE 13.8 A Natural
Monopoly
A natural monopoly is a
firm in which the most
efficient scale is very
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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Price and Output Decisions in Pure Monopoly Markets
Patents
patent A barrier to entry that grants
exclusive use of the patented product
or process to the inventor.
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
Government Rules
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Price and Output Decisions in Pure Monopoly Markets
Network Effects
network externalities The value
of a product to a consumer
increases with the number of that
product being sold or used in the
market.
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The Social Costs of Monopoly
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Refer to the figure below. How much is consumer surplus in the monopoly
outcome?
a. Area C
b. Area R
c. Area D
d. Area C + D
e. Area C + R + D
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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Refer to the figure below. How much is consumer surplus in the monopoly
outcome?
a. Area C
b. Area R
c. Area D
d. Area C + D
e. Area C + R + D
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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The Social Costs of Monopoly
Rent-Seeking Behavior
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Price Discrimination
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Price Discrimination
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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Remedies for Monopoly: Antitrust Policy
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Remedies for Monopoly: Antitrust Policy
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Remedies for Monopoly: Antitrust Policy
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Which of the following pieces of antitrust legislation banned tying contracts,
limited mergers, and banned price discrimination?
a. The Sherman Act.
b. The Wheeler-Lea Act.
c. The Clayton Act.
d. The same legislation that created the Interstate Commerce Commission
(ICC).
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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Which of the following pieces of antitrust legislation banned tying contracts,
limited mergers, and banned price discrimination?
a. The Sherman Act.
b. The Wheeler-Lea Act.
c. The Clayton Act.
d. The same legislation that created the Interstate Commerce Commission
(ICC).
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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Remedies for Monopoly: Antitrust Policy
The Government
Takes on Whole
Foods
FTC opposing Wild Oats,
Whole Foods merger
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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Imperfect Markets: A Review and a Look Ahead
A firm has market power when it exercises some control over the
price of its output or the prices of the inputs that it uses. The
extreme case of a firm with market power is the pure monopolist.
In a pure monopoly, a single firm produces a product for which
there are no close substitutes in an industry in which all new
competitors are barred from entry.
CHAPTER 13 Monopoly and Antitrust Policy
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REVIEW TERMS AND CONCEPTS
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