POWER SCENARIO

IN
INDIA

Under guidance of,

Prof. ANIL KUMAR
POWER SCENARIO IN THE COUNTRY

• POWER or ELECTRICITY is critical infrastructural

component for multidimensional growth and basic
human need

• Reliable and quality power at competitive rates to

Indian industry - important for global competition.

• Clean and Green Sustainable Power – need of the

day.

• Energy Security
EVOLUTION OF POWER
SECTOR
POWER SECTOR-AN OVERVIEW

Electricity - ‘Concurrent Subject’ : joint

responsibility of State and Central
Governments.
Bulk of transmission and distribution
functions with State Utilities.
Private sector - small presence in
Distribution and making entry into
Transmission.
 POWER SECTOR-AN OVERVIEW

Conventional Generation - blend of thermal, hydro

and nuclear sources.
Coal based thermal power plants and in some regions
hydro power plants - mainstay of electricity
generation.
Oil, natural gas and nuclear power accounts for
smaller proportion of power.
Emphasis also on non-conventional energy sources
i.e. solar, wind, biogas and tidal.
 Captive power plants being encouraged to supply
surplus power to Grid.
GROWTH OF INSTALLED GENERATING CAPACITY IN INDIA
(figs. in MW)

2,11,000
Renewable Hydro

*
Nuclear Thermal

1,32,329
1,24,287
1,18,426
1,07,877
1,05,046
81,171
63,636
42,585
28,448
16,664
9,027
4,653
2,695
1,362

'47 '55 '61 '66 '74 '80 '85 '90 '95 '02 '03 '04 '06 '07 '12 (Projeced)

Source: CEA * includes Likely capacity Addition of 14000 MW

from Renewables during 11th plan period
ALL INDIA PLF (%) OF THERMAL POWER STATIONS
(COAL AND LIGNITE BASED)

Source: CEA
MAJOR LEGISLATIVE / POLICY INITIATIVES OF
GOVERNMENT
 1998- Electricity Regulatory Commission Act

 1998 - Electricity Laws (Amendment) Act

 2001- Electricity Conservation Act

 2003- Electricity Act

 February ,2005- National Electricity Policy

 January 2006- National Tariff Policy

 August 23, 2006 - Rural Electrification Policy

 August 2006- Integrated Energy Policy.

 January 2007- Report submitted by Working Group on Power for 11th Plan constituted by
Planning Commission.

 August,2007 - National Electricity Plan notified.

 June 6, 2008 - Energy Act Amended.

NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY – THE WAY
FORWARD - 12th, February, 2005

• Access to electricity for all households in next 5 years.

• Availability of power on demand to be fully met by 2012
• Energy shortage and peaking shortage to be overcome by
providing adequate spinning reserves
• Reliability and quality of power to be supplied in efficient
manner.
• Electricity Sector to achieve financial turnaround and
commercial viability
• Consumer’s interests to be accorded top priority.
 NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY - ENCOURAGING
PRIVATE PARTICIPATION
 Competition encouraged - to bring significant benefit to
consumers

 Guidelines for competitive bidding issued by Government in

February, 2005

 Role of private participation in generation, transmission and

distribution to become increasingly critical in view of rapidly
growing investment needs.

 Central and State Governments to develop workable and

successful models for public private partnership.

 Special mechanisms to be created to encourage private investment

in transmission sector
NATIONAL ELECTRICITY POLICY - ENCOURAGING
PRIVATE PARTICIPATION

 Private Sector participation in distribution encouraged for

achieving requisite reduction in T&D losses and improving
quality of service to consumer

 Multi Year tariff framework- important structural

incentive to minimize risks for utilities and consumers,
promote efficiency and rapid reduction of system losses.

 Competition through concept of multiple licensees in same

area through their independent distribution system
 OPEN ACCESS IN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION

• Electricity Act & National Electricity Policy mandates

non-discriminatory open access in transmission and, in
phases in distribution.
• Respective State Regulatory Commissions to facilitative
framework for open access.
• Well planned and strong transmission and distribution
system to ensure optimal utilization of transmission
capacities would facilitate achieving objective of cost
effective delivery of power.
• Distribution reform - key to long term sustainability of the
power sector.
PRESENT POWER SCENARIO
INSTALLED CAPACITY IN THE COUNTRY
(as on 31st March, 2012)

TOTAL IC- 1,99,627.03

 INSTALLED CAPACITY IN THE COUNTRY
(as on 31st March, 2011)

250000

200000
Thermal

150000
Hydro

Nuclear
100000

RES

50000
Total

0
131,353.18 38,990.40 4,780.00 24,503.45 199,627.03

Source: CEA
 EVOLUTION OF UNIT SIZE OF
COAL BASED POWER PLANTS

 Largest unit size in 1950-30 MW

 First re-heat unit of 82.5 MW in 1966 at
Bandel TPS
 First 200 MW unit at Obra TPS in 1977
 First 500 MW unit at Trombay in 1984
 Committee constituted by CEA recommended
800 to 1000 MW unit size in future
 In 11th Plan 800/660 MW units
 12th plan 1000MW and 1200MW
 PREVAILING UNIT SIZES IN
INDIA
MS/RH Gross
Unit Size MS. Pr
Temp Efficiency
kg/cm2 oC (%)
30-50 60 482 ~31
60-100 90 535 32-33
110/120/140 130 535/535 35-36
210 150 535/535 37.8
250 150 535/535 38.4
500 170 538/538 38.6

210/250 & 500 MW Units Constitute Over 80% of the Total

Capacity
Details of IC of renewable energy sources
(As on 31.03.2012)

Sources / Systems Installed Capacity ( MW)

Wind Power 18427.74

Biomass Power &
Biomass Gasifiers 2860.09
Small Hydro Power 3105.63
Solar power & others 108.66
Total 24503.45
 TRANSMISSION & NATIONAL GRID

 Development in a phased manner – commensurate with

generation / load growth.
 Economy in generation through efficient transmission
 Conservation of Right-of-Way
 In forest areas with rich flora & fauna, construction of
lines with high towers / high voltage rating – leading
to reduced forest cutting.
 High capacity lines (HVDC & 765 kV)
 EVOLUTION OF ELECTRIC GRID

National
Grid

Interconnecting Shift from

Regional Grids Regional Grids
with ATS of Regional self
with HVDC
Central sufficiency
Generation concept to
State 1990s National level
Grids by 1970-80s Planning
SEBs
2012
1950-60’s Towards National Grid System
Local
1950’s
 BENEFITS OF NATIONAL GRID (Contd. ….)

Security and Reliability enhanced by reduction in number of grid

disturbances

Grid Disturbances
100
80 74

60 53
Nos.

40
20 3 4 7
0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0
2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08
Year Minor Major
 Indian Power Scenario- At a Glance
Surplus Regions

47832.56 MW

2300
2405.46

24968.62
55751.89 MW

49399.59 MW

Installed Capacity : 180358.12 MW

Peak / Average Demand shortage : 11.7% /
Deficit Regions 9.9%
Dated : (31/7/11) Source: CEA
 URI
WAGOORA
National Grid by 2012
DULHASTI THE POWER
‘HIGHWAY’
KISHENPUR RAVI SATLUJ

JULLANDHAR

MOGA TEHRI CHICKEN NECK

BALLABGARH A'PUR
(DELHI RING)

HISSAR
MEERUT
BHUTAN DIHANG DAMWE
TALA RANGANADI
BEARILLY TEESTA
M'BAD LUCKNOW
KATHAL-
NR JAIPUR BHIWADI
AGRA
G'PUR
M'PUR
BONGAIGAON GURI
MARIANI
ALLAHABAD
/UNNAO VARANASI PURNEA
SHIROHI MISA
MALANPUR SILIGURI/BIRPARA
250 SINGRAULI BADARPUR
0M BARH
W 500MW
KAHALGAON TIPAIMUKH
ZERDA VINDHYA- B'SHARIF
DEHGAM NAGDA SATNA CHAL
NORTH
MAITHON
NER
BINA JAMSHEDPUR
LIMBDI GANDHAR/ SIPAT KARANPURA BANGLA
SEONI
AMRELI KAWAS DESH
JETPUR CHEGAON ROURKELA
KORBA
VAPI BHANDARA RAIPUR ER
HIRMA
PIPAVAV TARAPUR AKOLA
BOISAR WARDA
PADGHEAMRAVATI CHANDRAPUR TALCHER
1000MW JEYPORE
DHABOL
WR
LONIKAND
PARLI

KOYNA
KARAD
RAMAGUNDAM

MW GAZUWAKA
00
KOLHAPUR SR 20
VIJAYAWADA
W

PONDA
M

NARENDRA
00
20

KAIGA SIRSI
KRISHNAPATNAM

CHITTOOR
BANGALORE
MYSORE
HOSUR SOUTH CHENNAI
SINGARPET LEGEND
KOZHIKODE PUGALUR
CUDDALORE EXISTING/ X PLAN NATIONAL XI PLAN
LA

SALEM IX PLAN GRID

COCHIN
KS

KARAIKUDI 765 KV LINES

HA

KAYAMKULAM
KAYATHAR 400 KV LINES
D

TRIVANDRUM
WE

HVDC B/B
KUDANKULAM
EP

HVDC BIPOLE
 Development of Transmission Voltages
Levels
• 132 kV Highest level at the time of
Independence
• Introduction of 220 kV in 1960
• 400 kV in 1977
• HVDC back-to-back link in 1989,
• 500kV, HVDC bi-pole line in 1990
• 765 kV transmission line from 2000 onwards.
• Planning for 1200KV
CUMULATIVE GROWTH IN TRANSMISSION SECTOR

Transmission Unit At the end At the end At the end Target at the Achivement
lines of VIIIth Plan of IXth Plan of Xth Plan end of XIth s
i.e. March i.e. March i.e. March Plan i.e.
’97 ’02 ’07 March ’12

765 kV ckm 409 971 1,704 7,132 5047

HVDC +/- 500 ckm 3,138 3,138 5,872 11,078 9432

kV
400 kV ckm 36,142 49,378 75,722 125,000 110255

230/ 220 kV ckm 79,601 96,993 114,629 150,000 136529

119,290 150,480 197,927 293,210 261263

31947 CKM by March 2012

GROWTH OF HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINKS

Cumulative HT Lines 220 KV and above (in ckm)

293,210

197,927 209,072
150,477
119,290

1997 2002 2007 2008 ( upto 2012 (proj.)

Feb )

Source: CEA
PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY IN INDIA
Growth Pattern

kWh/year 1000

672 704
613 632
559
348
176

1980- 1990- 2000- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 2011-

81 91 01 05 06 07 08 12
(Projected)
As per UN Methodology (Gross Electrical Energy Availability /
Source: CEA Population)
 STATUS OF POWER SECTOR

Country facing energy shortage of 9.9% and peak

shortage of 11.7% (2010-11)
As per Census 2011, only about 64.5% of
households have access to electricity, with rural
access being 52.5 % and urban access about 93.1 %
Annual per capita consumption about 778.71 kWh
as against world average of about ~ 2782 KWh.
 ACTUAL POWER SUPPLY POSITION OF THE
COUNTRY (2011)

Peak (MW) Energy (MU)

Requirement 1,27,165 8,61,591

Availability 1,14,686 7,88,355

(-)Shortage/ (-)12479 (-)73236

(+)Surplus

(%) (-)9.81 (-)8.50

 CAPTIVE POWER
• National Electricity Policy stipulates liberal
provisions for setting up captive power plants
• Installed Capacity of Captive plants- 19509 MW
• Open Access to be made effective
• Efforts underway to resolve crucial issues, which
are
– Cess on captive power generation not to be imposed.

– Wheeling charges for transfer of surplus power may not exceed 7% of the
generation cost within the state.
 Captive Power
• Very high electricity duty imposed on captive power
generation by some states.

• Very high cross subsidies surcharge levied by some

state. To be brought down

• Fixation of reasonable tariff by State Regulatory

Commission for surplus power available from CPPs.

• To make available additional fuel required by CPPs

• SERC’s to promote arrangements between co-

generator and concerned distribution licensee for
purchase of surplus power from cogeneration plants.
MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER SECTOR

• Inadequate power generation capacity

• Lack of optimum utilization of the existing
generation capacity
• Inadequate inter-regional transmission links
• Inadequate and ageing sub-transmission &
distribution network

Cont..
 MAJOR PROBLEMS OF POWER
SECTOR
• High T&D losses, large scale theft and skewed tariff
structure
• Slow pace of rural electrification
• Inefficient use of electricity by end consumer
• Lack of grid discipline
CAPACITY ADDITION PLANNING FOR
11TH AND 12TH PLAN
Revised it to 62000 MW, Achieved 45,234 , Can Achieve – 55,000MW
 12th plan (2012 – 2017)

 75,000 to 1,00,000 MW power generation capacity addition

 T & D Losses will bring down by 15 %

 Present, T & D Losses 28-29%

 Major Steps of Integrated approach

• Capacity Addition from Conventional fuel based plants

complemented by Renewable Energy based plants to extent
possible.
• National Electricity Plan based on Conventional Energy Sources
with priority to Hydro and Nuclear plants
• Strategies/ Initiatives being taken/ required to be taken for low
carbon growth i.e. Introduction of Clean Coal Technologies
(Supercritical Technology, Ultra supercritical technology, IGCC),
• Other measures to reduce pollution i.e. Reduction in T&D losses,
R&M of Old thermal power projects, Retirement of old and small
size generating units, Coal quality improvement
 POWER
POWER GENERATION
GENERATION - STRATEGY -
STRATEGY
• Large emphasis on hydro development. Constraints
restricting progress are large gestation period, high capital
cost, Issues such as R&R, law & order etc. New Hydro Policy
to encourage private participation in hydro power
generation.
• Limited dependability on gas based capacity - Availability
of gas at reasonable rates being a constraint for gas based
projects. During 11th Plan only about 6,843 MW gas based
capacity foreseen.
• Active steps to harness Nuclear energy on a larger scale
being taken but contribution minor as yet.
• Renewables.
 POWER
POWER GENERATION
GENERATION - STRATEGY
STRATEGY

• Renewable energy sources to be made economically

viable- At present can play dominant role in meeting
remote located demands where not economic to
extend the grid.
• Coal based power projects expected to be main stay of
Indian Power Sector for next 50-70 years. Continuous
efforts directed at generating maximum energy
from each tonne of coal with minimum effect on
environment
 Development of Hydro Power projects

Plan Period Hydro Capacity Total Hydro Capacity

Addition (MW) at the end of plan
(MW)
11th Plan (2007-08 to 15627 50280
2011 - 12)

12th Plan (2012-13 to 30000 80280

2016-17)

13th Plan (2017 - 18 31000 111280

to 2021-22)

14th Plan (2022-23 to 36494 147774

2026 - 27)
 DEMAND AND CAPACITY REQUIREMENT

Year Energy Peak Demand Proposed Capacity Generation

Requirement (MW) Addition during 5 growth rate
(BU) year plan (MW) (CAGR)

2011-12 1038 1,52,000 77,070* 9.5% (over

( 11th Plan) 2006-07)

2016-17 1470 2,18,209 94,000 7.4% (over

2011-12)
(12th Plan)

* Feasible capacity as per latest assessment

CAPACITY ADDITION TARGETTED FOR 11th
PLAN (SECTORWISE)

15,043 MW
(19%)
PVT SECTOR

STATE SECTOR CENTRAL SECTOR

36,874 MW
26,783 MW
47%
(34%) Total 78,700 MW
 MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE
ADDRESSED
• Manufacturing Capability/ Availability of
Main Plant and
Balance Of Plant Equipment
Constraints in supply of main equipment for
thermal capacity as well as in supply of balance of
plant like Coal Handling plant, Water treatment
plants, Ash Handling, CW Pumps etc.
 Need to develop additional domestic players to
adequately meet additional demand and promote
competition.
 MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE
ADDRESSED
• Construction and Erection Agencies & Equipment
 Augmentation required in number of construction agencies
undertaking Civil & O&M works at power plants - Limited
contractors in erection of cooling towers, Chimneys , tunneling,
dam construction etc.
 Serious efforts needed by major power companies to develop
vendors for supply and erection of equipment and for taking up
civil construction.
 New technologies and Use of latest construction machinery for
hydro projects required for fast progress in construction.
 MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE
ADDRESSED
• Fuel Availability
 Requirement of coal for 11th Plan – 550 MT; 40 MT equivalent of 68 MT of
Indian coal to be imported
 Requirement of gas (90% PLF) – 89 MMSCMD; Availability at present- 36
MMSCMD; gas not sufficient
• Transportation for fuel and equipment
 Establishment of new rail links for coal evacuation from coal mining blocks
 Railways, Coal , MoP to formulate Fuel Supply Transport Agreement
 MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE
ADDRESSED
• Transmission & Distribution Equipment
 Need for capacity building for transmission and distribution system including
supply of equipment and execution of works - Substantial augmentation in
manufacturing capacity of transformers; Need for indigenous manufacturing
capacity for 765 KV voltage level equipment, increasing test facilities, online
test facilities and mobile repair facilities.
 Strengthening of erection and commissioning teams and development of new
vendors
 Increase in demand of CRGO (Cold-Rolled Grain Oriented silicon steel)
 Shortage of indigenous materials and Equipment viz. meters, single phase
distribution transformers and switchgears, OLTC and bushings.
 Franchisees to be developed in rural areas and local community to be trained.
 More agencies required for turnkey execution of projects.
 Installation of LT Capacitors to be speeded up.
 MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE
ADDRESSED
• Critical Key Inputs
 To encourage domestic steel producers for production of CRGO
 Advanced planning for material to be imported
 CRGO to be exempt from custom duty
 Detailed analysis by Planning Commission to assess requirement of various
key input considering requirement of all sectors of economy
• Manpower Development & Training
 CEA has taken up with project developers and major EPC contractors to
adopt ITI in vicinity of projects to build up skilled manpower pool for Power
Sector to be utilized by them.
 Quick implementation of National Training Policy’s recommendation -
allocation of separate funds of 1.5% of salary budget - gradually increase to
5% for meeting training needs
 Man power requirement during 11th Plan is 1 Million for Construction and
O& M
 MAJOR ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS TO BE
ADDRESSED
• Delays in clearances
• Testing facilities to be increased and CPRI to play a proactive
role
• R&D
 Power Utilities as well as manufacturing units to enhance budget allocation
for R&D
 To attract young talent
 Village Electrification

Number of villages electrified increased from

3061 in 1950 to about 593732 in 2011 (as on
31.03.12).
 Renewable Energy Sources during 12th Plan

• Capacity addition during 12th Plan expected to be

more than 11th Plan due to incentives by MNRE for
setting up of Solar and Wind power plants
• Considering at least 14,000 MW during 12th Plan
also, by 12th Plan end about 38,000 MW
Renewable power expected.
• Assuming PLF of 20 %, generation about 67 BU.
• This energy considered while planning for 12th
Plan
 12th Plan Tentative Capacity Addition
• Demand as per 17th EPS – Energy Requirement – 13,92,066 BU;
Peak Demand- 2,18,209 MW
• Spinning Reserve – 5% as per National Electricity Policy. Capacity
corresponding to 3000 MW and 1600 MW also worked out
• 25,000 MW Hydro and 8,500 MW Nuclear as must run stations.
• As result of studies 12th Plan total Generating capacity 94,431
which includes 61,171 MW thermal.(28,190 MW PH, 15,495 MW LC,
14,800 MW Coastal)
• Capacity with 1600 MW S.R.- 81,570 MW; 3000MW S.R. – 82,970
MW
• Fuel consumption(2016-17) – Coal 815 MT, Lignite 60 MT
• All India Studies for 5% S.R: LOLP – 0.18%; ENS – 0.00% (Norms –
LOLP-1% & ENS- 0.15%)
 13th Plan Tentative Capacity Expansion
ASSUMPTIONS
• 17th EPS Demand – Energy Requirement- 19,14,508 MU;
Peak Demand- 2,98,253 MW
• Spinning Reserve - 5% .
• Beginning of 13th Plan 37,014 MW Coal & Lignite based
capacity more than 27 yrs old. (5,634 MW capacity upto 100 MW unit
size and 31,380 MW capacity greater than 100 MW unit size)
• Studies indicate 13th Plan capacity addition-1,05,060
MW (Hydro-34,500 MW, Nuclear -8,000 MW, Thermal -
62,560 MW including 6000 MW gas)
• LOLP-0.18 % and ENS-0.007 %, Reliability Criteria met.
STRATEGIES FOR CLEAN
AND
GREEN ENVIRONMENT
 Existing status of CO2 per capita
emission – different countries

Per capita CO2 emission

Country (tonnes/MWhr of CO2)
India 1.2
USA 20.6
Australia 16.2
U.K 9.8
Japan 9.9
China 3.8
World 4.5
UNDP Human Development report 2011/2012
 Strategies/ Initiatives for GHG Mitigation

• Clean Coal technologies

 Supercritical Technology – 2% efficiency gain possible
 Ultra Supercritical Technology –additional efficiency 0.75% over 800 MW
supercritical
 Integrated Gasification Technology – higher efficiency of 40-45%
• Reduction in T & D losses – All India T&D losses- 28.65% in 2009-10.
Aim to bring down to 15%
• R & M of old thermal power stations – Benefits of CDM to
be extended to overcome fund constraints
• Energy Efficiency improvement
 TECHNOLOGIES USED AT
COMBUSTION STAGE
Clean coal technologies( CCT) – have
pollution abatement in energy conversion
process so external environmental control
equipments not required
• Adoption of Supercritical technology
• Ultra supercritical (USC) and advanced USC technology
• Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion ( CFBC)
• Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC)
• Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)
• In-Situ gasification
• Low NOx burners
• Oxy-fuel combustion
Sub-critical units in 10th, 11th , 12th, 13th & 14th
Plans
600 500 MW 250/3 200/2 125/13 Total
MW (nos) 00/33 10 MW 5 MW Subcritica
(nos) 0 MW (nos) (nos) l MW
(nos)
10TH Plan 0 11 7 9 4 9620

11TH Plan 8 42 62 6 14 45470

12th Plan 7 20 12 0 2 18270

13TH Plan 0 8 0 0 0 4000

14th Plan 0 0 0 0 0 0
 Super-critical units in 10th , 11th, 12th, 13th &
14th Plans
Total Sub 660 MW 800 MW Total Total
critical (nos) (nos) Super MW
MW critical MW

10TH 9620 0 0 0 9620

Plan
11TH 45470 7 1 5420 50890
Plan
12th Plan 18270 25 33 42,900 61,170

13TH 4000 36 36 52,560 56,560

Plan
14th Plan 0 45 52 71,300 71,300
Comparison of Sub-critical/Super critical Capacity In
Various Plans (MW)

80000
71300
70000
60000 52560

50000 45470
42900

40000
30000
18270
20000
9620
10000 5420 4000
0 0
0
10th Plan 11th Plan 12th Plan 13th Plan 14th Plan

Sub-Critical Super Critical

ALL INDIA EFFICIENCY AND EMISSION RATES

• All India thermal efficiency – 32.44% (2009-10)

(coal & lignite based plants)
• Present weighted average CO2 emission rate (t CO2
/MWh) (including imports) : 0.80 (2009-10)
 Likely Coal Based Capacity Addition & Expected Emission
End of Coal Cumulati Total Coal Co2 Co2 Expected Total Ash
The Based ve Gener Consumpti Emissio Emissio Ther Genera
Plan Capacit Coal ation on n n per mal tion
y Base from (MT) (MT) unit of Effici (MT)
Additio d Coal Thermal ency
n Capacity Based Generati
(MW) (MW) Plants on
(BU)
11th Plan 50240 116610 708 492 722 1.02 35.3 182

12th Plan 58485 175095 1164 785 1152 0.99 36.4 278

13th Plan 56500 231595 1542 1028 1507 0.97 36.85 363

14th Plan 72000 303595 2033 1337 1961 0.96 37.3 471
 Requirement Of Planning Process
Data of Existing Plants
 Outage Rate, Heat Rate, Auxiliary Consumption,
Monthly Energy If Hydro Project, Coal Price
Data,Capacity (MW),Life of the plant, Capital
Cost, Executing Agency
Candidate Projects
Demand data
Load Curves
Hourly demand data of Past one Year
 Planning Models In CEA
• Integrated System Planning (ISPLAN)

• Expansion Generation Electric Analysis

System (EGEAS)

• Multysym Model
Thank You
????