Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Infarction Hemorrhage
Stroke Warning Signs
• Sudden numbness or weakness of face, arm, leg,
especially on one side of body
• Sudden confusion, problems speaking or
understanding
• Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
• Sudden loss of coordination, trouble walking,
dizzy
• Sudden severe headache with no known cause
Unalterable Stroke Risk Factors
• Age
• Heredity
• Race
• Gender
• Previous transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Alterable Stroke Risk Factors
• High Blood Pressure
• Smoking
• Diabetes Mellitus
• High Cholesterol
• Physical Inactivity
• Obesity
• Atrial fibrillation
• Carotid or peripheral artery disease
Cancer
• Second leading cause of death
• Prostate - 334,000 (99%)
• Breast - 180,200 (97%)
• Lung - 178,000 (14%)
• Colon & Rectum - 131,200 (61%)
• Testicular - 7,200 (91%)
Early Warning Signs
• C - Change in bowel or bladder habits
• A - A sore throat that does not heal
• U - Unusual bleeding or discharge
• T - Thickening or lump
• I - Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
• O - Obvious change in wart or mole
• N - Nagging cough or hoarseness
Risk Factors
• Heredity
• Nutrition
– high fat
– low vegetables & fruits (anti-oxidants, fiber)
• Smoking
• Environment
• Sedentary Lifestyle
Causes of Skin Cancer
• Total amount of sun received
• Acute overexposure (sunburn)
• Most receive 80% of exposure by age 18
• 1 in 7 will develop some form of skin
cancer in their lifetime
Tanning
• Tanning is the skin’s normal response to UV
light
• Tanning is protective reaction to prevent
further injury
• Tanning does not prevent skin cancer
Factors Determining UV Level
• UV light is greater today than in the past
due to reduction in ozone layer
• The following increase UV light:
– Altitude
– Proximity to the equator
– Less cloud cover
Risk Factors for Skin Cancer
• Genetics
– Northern European heritage
– Fair skin
• Environment
– Geography
– Sun Exposure
Types of Skin Cancer
• Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Melanoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
• Most common form of cancer
• Occurs in basal cells at the bottom of the
epidermis
• Occurs most often in males
• Occurs on most exposed areas: face, ears,
neck, scalp, shoulders, back
• Rarely does it go deeper than epidermis and
metastasize
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Occurs in outer most cells of epidermis
• Second most common form of skin cancer
• Usually confined to epidermis but will
eventually penetrate the underlying tissues
and can metastasize.
• Most often occurs on exposed areas like
basal cell carcinoma.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Melanoma
• Arises in melanocytes
• Most serious form of skin cancer
• Most rapidly increasing from of cancer
• Penetrates and metastasizes quickly
• Successful treatment dependent on early
diagnosis.
Melanoma
Preventing Skin Cancer
• Minimize exposure to sun between hours of
10:00 am and 3:00 pm
• Apply SPF-15 sunscreen or higher when
exposed
• Wear protective clothing & sun glasses
• Avoid UV radiation from tanning beds
• Protect your children!!
• Examine skin head to toe every 3 months
Clinical Screenings
TEST Gender AGE Freq.
Sigmoidoscopy M&F >50 3-5
Fecal Blood M&F >50 yearly
Digital Rectal M&F >40 yearly
Prostate & PSA M >50 yearly
Mammography F 40? 1-2
Pap Test F >18 yearly
Top 10 Ways to Avoid Cancer
• Don’t smoke or chew
• Check your house for radon
• Perform regular BSE and TSE
• Females get annual pap test
• Get regular clinical screenings when age
appropriate
Top 10 Continued
• Avoid sunburns
• Eat lots of vegetables
• Eat low fat
• Eat moderate protein
• Exercise
Diabetes Mellitus
• Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism due to
lack of insulin or decreased insulin
sensitivity
• Type I - insulin-dependent (IDDM)
• Type II - non-insulin dependent (NIDDM)
Symptoms of Diabetes
• Thirst
• Fatigue & Weakness
• Weight Loss
• Hunger
• Overeating
• Blurred Vision
Risk Factors for Diabetes
• Heredity
• Age
• Obesity
• Physical Inactivity
Diabetes Risk and Obesity
3
2.5
1.73
Relative Risk
1.5 1.1
1
0.5
0
<23 23-24.4 24.5-26.4 >26.4
Body Mass Index
Benefits of Exercise
• Helps control weight
• Has an insulin-like effect
• May reduce the requirement for insulin
Osteoporosis
• Disease characterized by low bone mass
and deterioration of bone tissue
• Increases rate of bone fractures and skeletal
abnormalities
Factors Affecting
Peak Bone Mass
• Heredity
• Mechanical
• Gender
• Nutrition
• Endocrine
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
• Age
• Gender
• Race
• Skeletal structure
• Menopause/menstrual history
• Lifestyle
• Family history
• Medications & Diseases
Bone Mass and Activity
115
110
% Sedentary Control
105
100
95
90
85
80
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