Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Configuration
Notes
• Ground State –
The lowest energy state of an atom.
• Excited State –
State in which an atom has a higher
potential energy then it has in its ground
state.
• Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle –
It is impossible to determine
simultaneously both the position and
velocity of an electron or any other
particle. (Can’t exactly predict where
electrons will be, just give a general idea.)
• Orbital –
Three dimensional region around the
nucleus that indicates the probable
location of an electron.
• Quantum Numbers –
Numbers that specify the properties of
atomic orbital’s and the properties of
electrons in orbital’s.
l Letter
0 s
1 p
2 d
3 f
• Magnetic Quantum Numbers –
(m) The orientation of an orbital around the
nucleus.
– Starts at –l and it each integer to l
• Ex. If n = 5, then l = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
then m = -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
• Spin Quantum Number –
Indicate the two fundamental spin states of
an electron in an orbital.
– Can only be + ½ or – ½
Quantum Number Relationships in Atomic Structure
Principle
Number of
Quantum Sublevels Number of
Number of Number of Electrons
Number In Main Orbital’s per
Orbital’s per Electrons per Main
(Main Energy Main Energy
Sublevel per Sublevel Energy
Energy Level Level
Level
Level)
1 s 1 1 2 2
s 1 2
2 4 8
p 3 6
s 1 2
3 p 3 9 6 18
d 5 10
s 1 2
p 3 6
4 16 32
d 5 10
f 7 14
• Electron Configuration –
The arrangement of electron’s in an atom.
• Aufbau Principle –
An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that
can receive it.
• Hunds Rule –
Orbital’s of equal energy are each occupied by one
electron before any orbital is occupied by a second
electron.
1s2
2s2
2p6
3s2
3p6
4s2
3d10
4p6
5s2
4d10
5p6
6s2
4f14
5d10
6p6
7s2
5f14
6d10
Orbital Sample 1
• The electron configuration of boron is
1s22s22p1. How many electrons are
present in an atom of boron? What is the
atomic number of boron? Write the orbital
notation for boron.
Number of electrons =
super scripts added together
• Number of electrons = 2 + 2 + 1
• Number of electrons = 5
• Nobel Gas –
The group 18 elements. No unpaired
electrons and all orbital’s of the energy
level are full.
E- Config. Sample 1
Write both the complete electron-
configuration notation and the noble-gas
notation for iron, Fe.
Write the complete electron-configuration
notation…
• Figure out number of electrons
In a stable atom, number of protons =
number of electrons
Fe = 26