Professional Documents
Culture Documents
8 August 2013
Avoid plagiarizing another’s work
Aid the future researcher find one’s sources
Provide evidence for one’s argument
Not an overnight thing
Tips for thesis:
Settle on a thesis topic as early as possible
Complete the citation details while writing the
body
Primary authorities
Secondary authorities
Books
Journal articles
Theses
News clips
Reliable websites
Ateneo Law School:
Footnotes
▪ ALJ Legal Citation Guide
▪ The Bluebook
Bibliography
▪ Atty. Quan: Modified Turabian
General rules:
Footnotes = sentences
Accuracy
Subsequent citations
Block quote v. “direct quote” v. paraphrasing
Footnote reference placement
After the punctuation mark/quotation mark
Philippine Constitution:
Note:
Always cite the Constitution in full.
I. Primary Authorities
A. Constitution
B. Statutes
C. Cases
II. Secondary Authorities
A. Books
B. Journals
C. Internet Sources
Sequencing
For primary sources:
▪ Constitution – based on year of effectivity
▪ Statutes – based on class (BP, PD, RA)
▪ Then, based on year of effectivity
▪ If same year, based on BP/PD/RA number.
▪ Format: ALJ Bluebook (same with footnotes)
▪ Cases – based on level of court (SC, CA, RTC)
▪ Then, alphabetically
▪ Format: ALJ Bluebook
▪ Treaties, UN Documents, etc. – follow rule on statutes.
Sequencing
I. Primary Authorities
A. Constitution
1973 PHIL. CONST.
1987 PHIL. CONST.
B. Statutes
Batas Pambasa
Presidential Decrees
Republic Acts
C. Jurisprudence
Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
Sequencing
For secondary sources: Turabian
▪ Surname first
▪ Alphabetical