The Reproductive

System
Kimberly Guifarro
Period 5
What is the Reproductive System?
● The collection of specialized organs, glands,
and hormones that work together with the
purpose of producing a new life.
● Human beings have to reach sexual maturity.
● Sexual maturity: Being able to produce
offspring.
● Sexual maturity is reached after puberty.
● Puberty: When your hypothalamus and pituitary glands release hormones,
such as, follicle - stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.
● Female and male reproductive organs fully develop during puberty.
● These are the hormones that begin the process of developing your sexual
characteristics and reproductive system.
The Female Reproductive System
● Females have all their reproductive organs inside their bodies not like men.
This helps protect a fertilized egg to develop.
● The female reproductive system produces ova.
● Ovum: An egg cell that is produced by the female reproductive system. The
ovum provides a place where a fertilized egg can develop.
● Egg cells are produced in the ovaries.
● Ovaries: Paired organs that are located on either side
of the uterus (womb).
● Uterus: An organ of the female where a fertilized egg
attaches and a fetus develops.
● 3 Layers that make up the uterus: A thin layer of epithelial
cells, a thick layer of muscle, & an outer layer of connective tissue.
Continuation..
● The ovaries produce many hormones but a very important one is estrogen.
● Estrogen: A steroid hormone that has three main functions.
● 3 Main Functions:
1. Controls the development of female sexual characteristics like widening
the pelvis, increasing fat deposits and bone mass, and growing the
breasts.
2. Egg cells need to develop fully before they leave the ovaries.
3. Helps the uterus prepare for pregnancy every month and help
maintain
a pregnancy when it happens.
More..
● Once an egg cell matures , it is released from an ovary and enters the fallopian
tube.
● Fallopian Tube: An organ where the tube of connective tissue attaches the ovary to
the uterus in the female reproductive system and where fertilization happens.
● An egg takes time to reach the tube so during that time it can be fertilized by sperm
that enters the tube.
● If an egg is fertilized it will attach to the wall of the uterus.
● An unfertilized egg will be broken down and thrown away.
The Male Reproductive System
● The male reproductive system produces sperm.
● Males produce sperm until puberty but then produce it all their lives.
● Testes: Paired organs that produce sperm and contain hundreds of tiny tubules
where millions of sperm cells are produced.
● Scrotum: A pouch that hangs below the pelvis where the testes are enclosed. This
skin encloses the testes outside the male body.
● Epididymis: A coiled tube where sperm leaves the testes and
enters the vas deferens.
● Vas Deferens: A duct where sperm mixes with other fluids
before reaching the urethra.
Continuation..
● Seman: A white substance that contains the fluids from all
three glands together with sperm.
● 3 Glands:
1. Secondary Sex Glands: Nourish and protect the sperm.
2. Prostate Gland: Helps sperm move easily.
3. Bulbourethral Gland: Help neutralize the acidity in the urethra and
in the
female’s vagina.
● The testes release a very important hormone.
● Testosterone: A steroid hormone that controls the production of sperm cells.
1. Controls the development of male sexual characteristics like
having a
Diseases..
● Cancer can affect the reproductive system.
● In females, cancer can affect the breasts, uterus, ovaries, and cervix.
● Males can get or develop prostate, testicular, and penile cancer.
● Both females and males can get diseases that are sexually transmitted (STD’s):
1. Herpes 3. Gonorrhea
2. Syphilis 4. HIV/AIDS
● Endometriosis: A disease where tissue that normally
lines the uterus grows outside the uterus.
● Females get affected by this disease and it causes
lower abdominal pain and pelvic pain.
 THE END

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