Anatomy of the Ear

Supervisor :
dr. H. Oscar Djauhari, Sp.THT-KL

Presentator :
Gladys Riany (2014-061-076)
Agnes Tamrin (2014-061-078)
 Ear

Outer ear Middle ear Inner ear

Semicircularis
Auricle Auditory ossicles
Canalis

Stapedius &
External Acoustic
Tensor tympanic Cochlea
Meatus
muscle

Tymphanic Chorda tympani

membrane nerve

Tympanic plexus
nerve
Auricle
 Arterial supply
Posterior auricular

Superficial temporal

Nerves
Great auricular nerve
• Back of the ear
• Helix, antihelix, lobule
Auriculotemporal nerve (CN
V3)
• Skin of the auricle anterior
to MEA

Lymphatic drainage
Superficial parotid lymph
nodes  lateral surface of
superior half of the auricle
Mastoid nodes & deep cervival
nodes  cranial surface of the
superior half of the auricle
Superficial cervical lymph
nodes  lobule
 Meatus acusticus eksternus

 Ventral:
articulatio
mandibularis,
sebagian gld
parotis
 Dorsal:celluae
mastoidea
 Cranial fossa
cranii media
External Acoustic Meatus
Tympanic Membrane

Pars tensa (ada

radial and circular
fibres)
Tympanic
membrane
Pars flaccida
(superior to the
lateral process of
malleus)
 Middle Ear

Tympanic
cavity =
Middle ear

Epitympanic Tympanic
recess cavity proper

 Anteromedially  Eustachian tube

 Posterolaterally  Mastoid antrum
 Middle Ear
 Wall of the tympanic cavity
 Middle Ear

 Contents:
 Auditory ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes)

 Stapedius and tensor tympani muscles

 Chorda tympani nerve (a branch of CN VII)

 Tympanic plexus nerves

 Pharyngotympanic tube:
 connects the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx, where it
opens posterior to the inferior nasal meatus.
 The posterolateral third of the tube is bony and the
remainder is cartilaginous.
 The pharyngotympanic tube is lined by mucous membrane
that is continuous posteriorly with that of the tympanic
cavity and anteriorly with that of the nasopharynx.
 Function: to equalize pressure in the middle ear with the
atmospheric pressure, thereby allowing free movement of
the tympanic membrane.
 Auditory Ossicles

 Mobile chaine of small bones across the tympanic

cavity, from the tympanic membrane to the oval
window (= fenestra vestibuli  an opening on the
labyrinthine wall of the tympanic cavity leading to
the vestibule of the bony labyrinth).
 Muscles Associated with the Auditory
Ossicles

m. Tensor tympani
 The tensor tympani pulls the handle medially,
tensing the tympanic membrane and reducing the
amplitude of its oscillations.
 This action tends to prevent damage to the internal
ear when one is exposed to loud sounds.
 The tensor tympani is supplied by the mandibular
nerve (CN V3).
m. stapedius
 The stapedius pulls the stapes posteriorly and tilts its
base in the oval window, thereby tightening the
anular ligament and reducing the oscillatory range.
 It also prevents excessive movement of the stapes.
 The nerve to the stapedius arises from the facial
nerve (CN VII).
 Inner ear

Membranous
Bony labyrinth
labyrinth

Cochlea Vestibule Semicircularis Vestibular

(Hearing) (Balance) Canalis labyrinth

Cochlear
Utricle Posterior
labyrinth

Saccule Anterior

Lateral
 Internal Ear

 Contents:
 vestibulocochlear organ  reception of sound and the
maintenance of balance.
 Sacs and ducts of the membranous layrinth  containing
endolymph, suspended within the perilymph-filled bony
labirinth
 Buried in the petrous part of the temporal bone.
 Bony Labirinth

 Fluid-filled space
 A series of cavities
 Cochlea Contained within the otic
capsule
 Vestibule

 Semicircular canals
 Bony Labyrinth - Cochlea

 Concerned with hearing.

 At the basal turn, the bony labyrinth communicates
with the subarachnoid space superior to the jugular
foramen through the cochlear aqueduct. It also
features the round window (fenestra cochleae),
closed by the secondary tympanic membrane.
 Bony Labyrinth - Vestibule
 Parts of the balancing
 A small oval chamber (approximately 5 mm long)
 Contains the utricle and saccule. The vestibule
features the oval window on its lateral wall,
occupied by the base of the stapes.
 Bony Labyrinth – Semicircular Canals

 There are:
 Anterior

 Posterior

 Lateral

 The canals lie posterosuperior to the vestibule

into which they open; they are set at right angles to
each other.
 The canals have only five openings into the vestibule
because the anterior and posterior canals have one
limb common to both.
 Membranous Labyrinth

 A series of communicating sacs and ducts,

suspended in the bony labyrinth.
 Contains endolymph.
 Composed of two divisions:
 Vestibular labyrinth: utricle and saccule, two small
communicating sacs in the vestibule of the bony labyrinth.
 Three semicircular ducts in the semicircular canals.
Open into the utricle through five openings.
 Cochlear labyrinth: cochlear duct in the cochlea.
Spiral ligament secures the cochlear duct to the spiral
canal of the cochlea The remainder : suspended by delicate
filaments that traverse the perilymph.
 Vestibular labyrinth
 Utricle - saccule : utriculosaccular duct

 The saccule is continuous with the cochlear duct through the

ductus reuniens, a uniting duct.
 Maculae : specialized areas of sensory epithelium in the utricle
and saccule.
 Hair cells in the maculae  innervated by
vestibulocochlear nerve (sensory neurons) in internal acoustic
meatus.
 The semicircular ducts open into the utricle
through five openings, reflective of the way the
surrounding semicircular canals open into the
vestibule.
 Each semicircular duct has an ampulla at one end containing
a sensory area, the ampullary crest (L. crista ampullari).
Function : recording movements of the endolymph in the
ampulla resulting from rotation of the head in the plane of
the duct.
 Cochlear duct :
 Waves of hydraulic pressure created in the perilymph of the vestibule by the
vibrations of the base of the stapes ascend to the apex of the cochlea by one
channel, the scala vestibuli. The pressure waves then pass through the
helicotrema and then descend back to the basal turn of the cochlea by the other
channel, the scala tympani. Here, the pressure waves again become vibrations,
this time of the secondary tympanic membrane .
 The energy initially received by the (primary) tympanic membrane is finally
dissipated into the air of the tympanic cavity.
 The roof of the cochlear duct is formed by the vestibular membrane. The floor
of the duct is also formed by part of the duct, the basilar membrane. The
receptor of auditory stimuli is the spiral organ (of Corti), situated on the basilar
membrane. It is overlaid by the gelatinous tectorial membrane. The spiral
organ contains hair cells, the tips of which are embedded in the tectorial
membrane.
 The organ is stimulated to respond by deformation of the cochlear duct induced
by the hydraulic pressure waves in the perilymph, which ascend and descend in
the surrounding scalae vestibuli and tympani.