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TRANSISTORS
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Describe the basic structure of the BJT
Discuss basic BJT operation
Discuss basic BJT parameters and characteristics and analyze
transistor circuits
Discuss how a BJT is used as a voltage amplifier
Discuss how a BJT is used as a switch
Discuss the phototransistor and its operation
Identify various types of transistor packages
BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR (BJT)
STRUCTURE
Eq: 02
The ratio of the dc collector current (IC) to the dc emitter
current (IE) is the dc alpha ( αDC ) . The alpha is a less-used
parameter than beta in transistor circuits.
Problem
IB = VBB – VBE / RB
The voltage at the collector with respect to the grounded emitter
V = IR
RC C C
VCE = VCC – I R C C
Where IC = βDC IB.
The voltage across the reverse-biased collector-base junction is
Vb= Ie r’e
The ac collector voltage, Vc, equals the ac voltage drop across RC
Vc = Ic RC
Since Ic is approximately equals to Ie, the ac collector voltage is
VCE(cutoff) = Vcc
BJT Switching Operation
Conditions in Saturation:
when the base-emitter junction is forward- biased and there
is enough base current to produce a maximum collector
current, the transistor is saturated. The formula for collector
saturation current is
BJT Switching Operation
Since VCE(sat) is very small compared to VCC, it can usually be
neglected. The minimum value of base current needed to produce
saturation is
Problem
THE PHOTO TRANSISTOR
A phototransistor is similar to a regular BJT except that the base
current is produced and controlled by light instead of a voltage
source.
General-purpose/small-signal devices,
Power devices,
RF (radio frequency/microwave) devices
Application Activity: