Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of the Concluding
Paragraph
Sentence
Coherence
Unity
Emphasis
Techniques
5-Steps
Principles
Before
After
During
5 Steps in Paragraph Writing
• Decide on the controlling idea and
create a topic sentence.
• Explain the controlling idea.
• Give an example/s.
• Explain the example/s.
• Complete the paragraph’s idea or
transition into the next paragraph.
Techniques in Good Writing
• Keep in mind that the reader doesn’t
have much time.
What you write must be clear on first reading.
• Avoid clichés.
Find your own words.
• Observe cohesion.
Cohesion refers to how group of sentences “hang
together”.
Question/s – Before Writing a
Paragraph
Passive Voice
At each concert, at least one tune from a well-
known opera was sung by the soprano.
Active Voice
At each concert, the soprano sang at least one
tune from a well-known opera.
Passive and Active Voice:
Passive Voice
• The letter was mailed by Marilyn.
• Five hamburgers must have been eaten by the
man.
Active Voice
• Marilyn mailed the letter.
• The man must have eaten five hamburgers.
Avoiding Clichés:
turn over every rock for a solution
(try hard)
put it to the acid test
(test thoroughly)
few and far between
(few)
iron out
(remove)
last but not the least
(last)
Avoiding Vague Modifiers:
very overspent
(overspent by Pkr500)
slightly behind schedule
(one day late)
Avoiding Jargons:
parameter
(limits, boundaries)
implement
(carry out)
optimum
(best)
finalize
(complete)
Avoiding Needless Words:
take action
(act)
have a discussion
(discuss)
at the present time
(now)
in the majority of instances
(most)
Paragraph Patterns:
• Narration
• Description
• Definition
• Example and Illustration
• Cause and Effect
• Process
and a lot more…