Faculty of Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Dept.

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Prof. Dr. Abdelhay M. Abdelhay

Asst. Prof. Dr. Arafa Sobh

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 We are Sur rounded
with many
P R O D U C Ts ,

C a n Yo u n a m e S o m e ?

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T h e s e P R O D U C Ts
Are Having
Specific Function

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All these PRODUCTs
Are First
>Designed
Then
>>Manufactured

According to what we
call it
“ Product Cycle”

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 1. Basic Concepts in Strength of Materials
Compiled by: Prof. Dr. Abdelhay M. Abdelhay & Asst. Prof. Dr. Elsaid
Elgharib 7
During “Engineering Design”
Designers are caring
about “Safety”

i.e. >> Carry the Load

without Failure

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Failure>> Excessive Change
in Shape

Designer Has to Limit

Such change in shape
Or
Deformation

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 What is Deformation ?

and

How designer can Limit it ?

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 One needs to set a

mathematical relationship

Between Deformation
And
The service Load causing it

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 Using these
Mathematical Relationships
One
Can control and Study
Deformation
And
The Load

Causing it
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 This is the main theme
Of this Course

Studying
“The Mechanics of Materials”

What is happing to a
material to deform under
load ?

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ALL Real Materials can
Deform

Under its Service Load

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 Thus, the concept of

“ Rigid Body”
(No Stretch, Bend, or Twist)

Is not valid from this

point up or even Correct
We deals with
“ Deformable Bodies”

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The Topics of this course
is found in any
Textbook of:
Strength of Materials (SOM),
Mechanics of Materials (MOM),
or
Mechanics of Deformable Bodies;

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Mechanics of Materials
Is ACTUALLY representing

Our Studied topics here

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 Topic
page
Basic Concepts in Strength of
Chapter 1 : 5
Materials
Chapter 2 : Mechanical Properties of Materials 35
Chapter 3 : Area Properties 65
Chapter 4 : Torsion Stresses 77

Shearing Force and Bending Moment

Chapter 5 : 89
in Beams
Chapter 6 : Stresses in Beams 107
Chapter 7 : Deflection of Beams 127
Chapter 8 : Combined Stresses 137
Chapter 9 : Buckling in Columns 145

APPENDICES 153
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1. “Applied Strength of Materials”, Robert L. Mott, 5th Edition,
Pearson Prentice Hall, NJ, USA, 2008
2."Mechanics of Materials", J. M. Gere and B. J. Goodno, SI
Edition, Cengage Learning, CT, USA, 2012
3."Mechanics of Materials", F.P. Beer, E. R. Johnston, J. T.
Dewolf, and D. F. Mazurek, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., NY, USA, 2012
4.“Applied Strength of Materials for Engineering Technology”,
Barry Dupen, E-book (Indiana University), Fort Wayne, Indiana,
USA, 2012
5.“Mechanics of Materials”, Andrew Pytel and Jaan Kiusalaas ,
2nd Edition, Cengage Learning, CT, USA, 2012
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 1. Basic Concepts in Strength of Materials Compiled 20
by: Prof. Dr. Abdelhay M. Abdelhay & Asst. Prof. Dr. Elsaid Elgharib
 Course Grading System
Lecture (4 hours) 2 hours ( MECHANICS OF MATERIALS )
2 hours ( NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING)

Lab 1 hour
Exercises 1 hour
Assignments and ( 10 + 5 ) marks
Attendance
Midterm Exams 15 marks
Lab / Oral Exam 30 marks
Final Exam 90 mark
TOTAL 150 marks
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For the automobile jack stand shown in Figure 1.4.
Must: 1) support a load (i.e., car weight) safely, And
2)Ensure Rigidity and Stability.

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Shape - Size - Material – max load
for each part is DEFINED
For what reasons?

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Deformation is Happened
Because
Some
Internal Reactions

Setup Due to some

External Loads

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Thus, what type of
External loads
Do we Know ?

Or
Can be recognized ?

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TWO (2) General Groups:

1.Body Force
and

2.Contact or Surface load,

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Body Force acts throughout the volume, such as;
Gravity,
Inertial, and
Electromagnetic forces.

Contact/Surface Load acts on Surface, such as;

Heat or Pressure,
Concentrated /Distributed load, and
Moments .
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Contact/Surface Loads
Can be of

(a)Thermal Nature,

or

(b) Mechanical Nature.

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Or their Combinations
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 Examples of Mechanical loads

(
a) Bridge Element with different Mechanical Load types (Compression – Tension – Bending)

(b) Propeller shaft subjected to Torsional Load

(c) Steel bridge structure with riveted joints subjected to Shearing Loads
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These External Loads of
Mechanical nature
Are causing
Some
internal Reactions

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 Remember,
Deformation is Happened
Because
Some
Internal Reactions
Caused by some
External Loads

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We NEED to go inside
Loaded material

To see

What is going on
From changing
But, How ?

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 Using
Virtual Cut

Or

Free Body Diagrams

(FBD)

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 Keep in Mind,

Action and Reaction

Are
Balanced
Or
Under
Static Equilibrium

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Thus, one can use

External Loads

to define

Internal Reactions

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 By

Six (6)

mathematical equations

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Static equilibrium condition is Applied using FBD to
define/determine Internal Reactions

(1.1 )

(1.2 )

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 In summary

1.Failure is caused by deformation

2. Deformation is resulted
from internal reactions

3. Internal Reactions are

caused by
Some external Loads, and
are in Balance
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Now, it is clear that
“Mechanics of Materials”
Is defined as :
“ The applied science that relates internal
reaction with resultant deformation to the
external load(s) acting on the member or
structure”

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 In more General

FORM

Any Body can be analyzed

As follows

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 (a ) Loaded Body (b) Replacing Supports with external Reaction loads

(c) FBD for the Loaded Member (d) FBD for the Internal Reactions of Resultant Force
after Virtual Cut FR and Resultant Moment MR

(e) Resolving Resultant components for Normal Force (FR ) and Moment (MR), Parallel and Perpendicular to 43
the cross section
 1.6 Mathematical Definition of STRESS
The stress vector acting on the cross section at point O
is defined as:

(1.3)

where its Normal Stress component σ (lower case Greek

sigma); acting normal to cress section is:

(1.4)
likewise, the Shear Stress component τ (lower case
Greek tau), acting along the cress section, is:

(1.5)
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Figure 1.10 FBD showing Internal Normal Stress (σ), and
Shear Stress (τ) upon small area (∆A) of cross section

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Thus, the concept of “STRESS”, can be defined
as:
“ The internal resistance offered by
a unit area to an externally applied load“

Stress plays a central role in the design of load-

bearing members.

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If the internal reactions P and V resulted from
FR are uniformly distributed over the cross
section A (see Figure 1.11d), then:
The Normal Stress:
(1.6)

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and,
The Direct Shear:
(1.7)

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Normal Stress can be :

Tension (+ σ) Or Compression (- σ) :

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But, The Direct Shear is Opposite in direction
to the External Load:

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and,
The Direct Shear:
(1.7)

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Deformation, Or Change in Shape,
Due to Normal Loads, would result in:
Stretching or Elongation (+δ lower case Greek delta)
Or
Contraction or Shortening (-δ :

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 “ the relative change (± δ ) in linear
dimensions(L) ”,
Is defined as “Strain”,
and is denoted as “ Ɛ “ (lowercase Greek epsilon).

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But, the Normal Strain (Ɛ) is very small
for naked eyes to SEE,

So, In engineering Applications,

How one can measure Strains ?

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 “ Internet Report”
Make a Search for
“How Mechanical Strain is
Practically MEASURED ?

Due, Next Week

at the same time and same place !
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Let Learning
Continue

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