Material budget, energy losses

and multiple scattering

Barrel tracking

 Momenta resolution for low momenta tracks determined mainly

by energy losses and multiple scattering
 Left side – momentum resolution for pion
 Right side - proton
Energy loss between vertex
and TPC

 Left - rel. loss as a function of particle velocity

 Right – function of particle momenta
Energy losses (Bethe Bloch)
Z 1   2me c 2 b 2  d 
dE / dx  k1 r  ln  2 
 - b 2
- 

A b2   I (1 - b )  2 
 b -particle velocity
 r - material density
 Z - atomic number of absorber
 A – mass number of absorber
 I – mean excitation energy
 d – density effect correction factor – material
dependent and b dependent
Energy losses (Reconstruction)
1   b 2
 
dE / dx  k1 2 r  ln  k 2  - b 2

b   (1 - b 2 )  


 b - particle velocity
 r - material density
 K1 and K2 – Effective parameters
 Energy loses correction

 Left side - correction shift as function of

particle velocity
 Right side – correction shift as function of
particle momenta (pion)
 Energy loses correction

 Left side - correction shift as function of

particle momenta (kaon)
 Right side – correction shift as function of
particle momenta (proton)
Multiple scattering (Gaussian
approximation)
2
 13.6MeV  x
  
2
 *
 bcp  X0

 b -particle velocity
 r - material density
 P - particle momenta
Energy losses correction
(Current)
 Material budget and radiation length
hardwired in the code
 Using symmetry of the detectors
 Correction layer by layer during propagation
 Intervals in y and z in the local coordinate frames
 Fast access
 Difficult to describe non symmetric parts (big
problem in TRD)
Geo modeler (0)
 Used to get information necessary for energy
loss calculation and multiple scattering
 Local information - in each point density, radiation
length, Z, A defined (mean excitation energy
missing)
 Mean query time ~ 15 ms
 Mean number of queries
 ~15 – between 2 ITS layer
 ~15 – between 2 TRD layers
Geo modeler (1)
 Two option considered
 1. Propagate track up to material boundary
defined by modeler – get local material
parameters
 Time consuming - too many propagations
 2. Calculate mean parameters between start and
end point
 <density>, <density*Z/A>, <radiation length>
 Faster (only one propagation), reusable in the case of
parallel hypothesis (ITS), not big changes in the tracking
Implementation
 AliKalmanTrack::MeanMaterialBudget(D
ouble_t *start, Double_t *end,
Double_t *param)
 First test
 Track references in inner volume of the
TPC – propagated to the vertex
TRD tracking
 FollowProlongatioBackG implemented
 Using mean material budget
 14 steps
 Propagate to first plane
 Loop over TRD planes
 Propagate and update in the sensitive layer
 Propagate to the next plane
 Propagate to the outer volume of TRD
Energy loss estimate
resolution

 Left side - old propagation

 Right side – new propagation
Relative Pt resolution

 Left side - old propagation

 Right side – new propagation
Relative Pt resolution

 Left side - old propagation

 Right side – new propagation
Pt pulls

 Left side - old propagation

 Right side – new propagation
Time pulls

 Left side - old propagation

 Right side – new propagation
Conclusion
 First results in TRD tracking
 Indication of improvements in the
momentum and the time resolution
 Test with propagation to the vertex
using AliExternalParameter and
GeoMedeler – better vertex position
resolution
 Better interface required – without user
intervention
Conclusion
 Default access to the TGeoManager
required
 Currently loaded by hand
 Better energy loss parameterization-
options:
 1. Mean Energy loss and multiple
scattering calculation using TGeoManager
 2. Tuning 1 free parameter -